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Gay-Lussac’s Law

Gay-Lussac’s Law. Gay-Lussac’s Law. At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of any gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature (Pressure and Temperature are proportional to each other) P/T = k P 1 /T 1 = P 2 /T 2. Example.

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Gay-Lussac’s Law

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  1. Gay-Lussac’s Law

  2. Gay-Lussac’s Law • At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of any gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature (Pressure and Temperature are proportional to each other) P/T = k P1/T1 = P2/T2

  3. Example A steel cylinder with a volume of 450 mL contains a gas at a pressure of 520 kPa at 25°C. If the cylinder is heated to 410°C, what will the pressure be? P1 = P2P1 / T1 = P2 / T2 T1 T2 P2 = P1 T2 / T1 P2 = (520 kPa)(273.15 + 410 K) / (25 + 273.15 K) Remember temperatures are in Kelvin! P2 = 1191.5 kPa = 1.19 x 103kPa

  4. Ignore Gas Laws at Your Peril • What happens when the inside of a train car is steam washed and sealed over the weekend?

  5. Before Sealing the Car • The pressure outside the car is the same as the pressure within the car

  6. After Cooling • As the gas molecules cool they loose kinetic energy • Thus they hit the sides of the container with less force • This means the pressure drops

  7. Implosion • Since the force outside the car is greater than the force inside the car the walls are crushed inwards • This happens until the volume of the car is small enough that the pressure inside is again equal to the pressure outside

  8. Standard Conditions • Standard temperature and pressure (STP) T = 0°C = 273.15K P = 101.3 kPa • Standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP) T = 25°C = 298.15K P = 100 kPa

  9. Combined Gas Law • If we combine Boyle’s, Charles’, and Gay-Lussac’s laws we come to the combined gas law P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2

  10. Practice • If a 150.0 L balloon is brought from the ground where it is STP to a height where the air pressure is 85.0 kPa, what temperature must the gas in the balloon be if the balloon has a volume of 160.0 L? P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 T2 = P2V2T1 / P1V1 T2 = (85.0 kPa)(160.0 L)(273.15 K) / (101.3 kPa)(150.0 L) T2 = 244 K = - 29ºC

  11. Summary of Gas Laws

  12. Homework • Pg 446 #5-12 • Pg 449 #13-16 • Pg 457 #17-21

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