Why recycle? reduces energy consumption, reduces harmful emissions, creates jobs.

2. Why recycle? • reduces energy consumption, • reduces harmful emissions, • creates jobs.

3. Why recycle?

4. Household awareness • State government education programs • Council education programs • Education’s limited role

6. Convenience • Effect on participation • Consumer drop-off versus Curbside pick-up

7. Solid waste disposal rates (t/person per year). The definition of solid waste disposal for Victoria changed between 1996-97 and 1997-98 and this accounts for the apparent increase. Source: EcoRecycle Victoria, EPA NSW, EPA SA, ACT Government, DEPWA (http://www.deh.gov.au/soe/2001/settlements.html#managementofwaste)

8. Personal benefit • Self-satisfaction through knowledge of benefits • Incentives • - coupon schemes • - refundable deposits

9. Costs • Cost of recycling versus cost of landfill • - full accounting of costs • Technological advances • - flow on improvements

11. Landfill space • 95% of waste in Australia goes to landfill. • In New South Wales, the EPA estimated that existing landfill capacity would not last beyond 2007 at present rates of waste disposal. (EPA NSW 1997 in Australia SOE2001)

14. Sutherland Shire Council • Sutherland Shire's population in 2001 was 214,380 • (ABS Census 2001) • Domestic waste produced per capita steadily increased between 1994 and 2002.

15. Sutherland Shire Council • 1994 • - Co-mingled recycling introduced. • 1995 • - Greenwaste trial collections.

16. Sutherland Shire Council • 1998 • - Greenwastecollection expanded. • - Non-recyclables bin size reduced. • 1999 • - Council endorses Local Waste Management Plan. • -Greenwaste fully integrated mid-year. • - Earthworks’ educational program commences

17. Sutherland Shire Council • 2000 • - Co-mingled recyclables bin size increased. • - Local Waste Management Plan implemented. • 2001 • - Council endorses Local Waste Management Plan

18. Sutherland Shire Council

19. Sutherland Shire Council • 2002-2003 • - Local Waste Management Plan implemented. • - ‘Valuation of Environmental Resources in Sutherland Shire’ report due.

20. Sutherland Shire Council 240 L co-mingled recyclables - collected fortnightly. 240 L green waste -collected fortnightly 120 L non-recycable - collected weekly.

22. Hornsby Shire Council • Introduction • 1997 • Concern with waste reduction • Waste Minimisation and Management Strategy

23. Hornsby Shire Council • 1998 • Words with no action? • 2000 • HSC Social Plan 2000 – 2005 “That Council continue to promote recycling strategies to local residents.”

24. Hornsby Shire Council • 2001 • State of the Environment Report 2001 • Goals • Waste Education Officer • Collection Service Trials/Waste Minimisation and Management Strategy 2001

25. Hornsby Shire Council • 2002 • NEW three bin waste collection system • Waste Watchers Program • 2003

26. Hornsby Shire Council

27. Hornsby Shire Council • 2002 • NEW three bin waste collection system • Waste Watchers Program • 2003 • NEW waste collection system a SUCCESS • Waste Education Centre

28. Blacktown City Council (BCC) • Relatively new council • One of the most populous councils • ~250,000 residents, 87,000 households • Rapidly growing population

29. BCC Waste management overview • Waste management is strained and runs near capacity • No council specific waste management goals • Committed to achieving WS regional goals - 60% reduction by 2007 and increase domestic recycling • Rely on proactive community – public education

30. What BCC Recycles

31. Waste Pickups and Bin Size • Recyclables – 240L bin collected every fortnight from kerbside • General waste – 240L bin collected weekly from kerbside

32. BCC Public Education Strategies • Pamphlets, booklets and factsheets • Primary school education program – 30 school and 6,089 students participated • Media – Radio and Print • Community based program – EPA Earthworks and BCC’s sustainable waste management course

33. So how much waste was generated? • Steadily increased • Rate of increase dropped significantly in 2001/02

34. Proportion of waste (all figure are in tonnes) • Domestic garbage decrease in 2001/02 • Waste recycled has remained constant – runs near capacity • Recycled waste is a small percentage compared to the total

35. The Cost of Waste Management to BCC • Cost is significant and continues to increase • Major motivator for council to promote avoid, reuse and recycle • Recycling disposal does not have landfill levy

36. Recycling Green Waste? • To costly to issue a third bin and collect it from it 87,000 household • Potential – Develop local landfill centres that compost onsite • Split bin • No extra pickups

37. What more can BCC do to achieve its waste management goals • Green waste recycling • Smaller general waste bin – illegal dumping • Increase recycling capacity – infrastructure and community awareness • Introduce incentives for recycling such as discount land rates – Difficult to police what people put into their bins.

38. Major Failing of the Current Recycling Regime • No benefit to the individual, however is a consequence of the kerbside convenience

39. Evaluation • Where can further improvements be achieved • - education? • - incentives ? • - government regulation ? • - consumer power ?