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First Industrial Revolution

First Industrial Revolution. Goal 2 Part 4. Mass Production / Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution : machines “replace” hand tools, large-scale factory production developed Begins in Britain and affects America Mass Production - production of goods in large quantities.

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First Industrial Revolution

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  1. First Industrial Revolution Goal 2 Part 4

  2. Mass Production / Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution: machines “replace” hand tools, large-scale factory production developed • Begins in Britain and affects America • Mass Production- production of goods in large quantities

  3. America after Embargo Act of 1807 / War of 1812 • Remember: Embargo Act of 1807 = failure (WHY?) • Economic standstill /(America looked for other means of making $) • RESULTS: • North = businesses / factories / small farms (no need for slaves) / especially New England states • South = agriculture (farming) / large plantations (fertile land) V

  4. Samuel Slater • Factory System (got idea from British), bring people to work in your shop cuts down cost and increase productivity.

  5. Eli Whitney’s Inventions • invented the (1) “COTTON GIN” • an efficient machine that cleaned out the seeds in cotton / made for quicker and more efficient ways of growing cotton (2) “Interchangeable” parts– parts that are exactly alike • Purpose: one part breaks, get the same part off the shelf!

  6. Cotton Gin accelerates slavery in 1820s • *** THE COTTON GIN ACCELERATED THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY *** Africans Americans affected the MOST from the Cotton Gin

  7. Other Inventions • Elias Howe/Isaac Singer – Sewing Machine • Samuel Morse – Telegraph - allowed for communication by wire over long distances.

  8. Factory Workers = Wage Slaves • Bad working conditions • Low wages • Long hours

  9. Industrial Revolution • Two systems of recruitment emerged to bring in labor supply to textile mills • Whole families recruited • Lowell System - recruited young women, introduced the use of dormitories for workers

  10. Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

  11. New EnglandTextileCenters:1830s

  12. New England Dominance in Textiles

  13. Farming • John Deere – Steel Plow - used by Western farms especially to break up the thick soil, its light and durable. • Cyrus McCormick – Mechanical Reaper - used by farmers, this invention cut harvesting time of grain crops down, which increases productivity.

  14. Steamboats • Robert Fulton - used a steam engine to power boats along the Mississippi River and Great Lakes.

  15. Transportation Improvements • Erie Canal – connected the east (NY) and the west (Great Lakes) by water • Cumberland Road – connected east (Maryland) and west (Illinois) by road

  16. Railroad • Fast • Reliable • Cheaper than canals to construct • Not frozen in winter

  17. The Pony Express • Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861. • Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA. • Took 10 days. • Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.

  18. Market Revolution • South – raised cotton  sent cotton to New England and Britain • West – grain and livestock  fed factory workers in East and Europe • East – machines and textiles  South and West

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