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Blood Groups and Their Polymorfisms Kuliah FKUI Kelas Internasional

Blood Groups and Their Polymorfisms Kuliah FKUI Kelas Internasional. Rosila Idris Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. Blood Groups (1). Blood groups ABO and Rh (polymorphism) are known as antigens of red blood cells.

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Blood Groups and Their Polymorfisms Kuliah FKUI Kelas Internasional

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  1. Blood Groups and Their PolymorfismsKuliah FKUI Kelas Internasional Rosila Idris Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia

  2. Blood Groups (1) Blood groups ABO and Rh (polymorphism) are known as antigens of red blood cells. Polymorphism : Two or more alternative genotypes accur together in a population Genotype Phenotype Antibodies in Cells react with Serum IoIo O anti-A , anti B neither IAIA A anti-B anti- A IAIo A anti-B anti-A IBIB B anti-A anti-B IBIo B anti- A anti-B IAIB AB neither anti-A, anti-B Genotype A and B = codominant

  3. Blood Groups (2) ABO Genotypes and Serum Reactivity Red blood cell Reaction with Reaction with Antibodies Phenotype anti-A anti-B in Serum _______________________________________________________ O - - anti-A,anti-B A + - anti-B B - + anti-A AB + + neither _______________________________________________________ - represents no reaction; + represents reaction

  4. Blood Groups (3) Genotypes, Phenotypes, and frequencies in the ABO Blood-Typing System _______________________________________________________ Genotype Blood Type A Antigen B Antigen Frequency in (Phenotype) Present Present U.S. White Population (%) _______________________________________________________ IAIA or IAIo A + - 41 IBIB or IBIo B - + 11 IAIB AB + + 4 IoIo O - - 44

  5. Blood Groups (4) ABO Blood Groups : mulptiple alleles Allele: Alternative form of a gene. IAIo or IAIa, Ia allele of IA IBIo or IBIb, Ib allele of IB I = Isohemagglutinin. Multiple Human Alleles is in ABO blood group, this is the best known of all the red-cell antigen system by Karl Landsteiner 1900.

  6. Blood Groups (5) Molecular Genetic Basis of the ABO System The ABO blood groups are determined by a locus on chromosome 9. Benefit : 1. Importance in blood transfusions 2. Paternity test 3. Tissue transplantation

  7. The Rhesus System (1) The Rhesus antigens are far greater importance than any others In the causation of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn The locus Rh occur on chromosome 1 Mother Rhesus negative (Rh -) Father Rhesus positive (Rh +) Parental phenotype Rh_+ X Rh - genotype DD/Dd X dd Filial (foetus) Rh + Foetus : Rhesus haemolytic disease, the mother will form anti Rh + (antibodies) that return to the fetal circulation

  8. The Rhesus System (2) Hemolytic Disease of the newborn (Erythroblastosis Fetalis) • Damage the fetal red blood cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn • Symptom: Mild, moderate to severe ( first pregnant, second pregnant and third pregnant) • Treated : transfusion

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