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Lesson 9: Launching the New Government

Explore the inauguration of George Washington, his precedents, challenges faced by the new country, and foreign policy during the French Revolution. Discover the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion and the impact of the Proclamation of Neutrality.

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Lesson 9: Launching the New Government

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  1. Lesson 9: Launching the New Government

  2. Where Is Washington D.C.?

  3. Sherlock Holmes “He who takes time to grasp the evidence will end up miles ahead of them all.”

  4. Washington Takes Office (page 278) • Inauguration: ceremony in which President officially takes office. • George Washington took • the oath of office on April 30, 1789.

  5. “I walk on untrodded ground. There is hardly any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn into precedent.” Washington sets the precedent….

  6. An act or decision that sets the example for others to follow 2 1 precedent precedent 3 precedent your definition Visual/ drawing 4 5 6 precedent precedent precedent Give an example/ experience Henry Ford set a new precedent by being the first to use the assembly line in manufacturing. 8th grade sentence List 3 synonyms I was the oldest of 4 daughters, so I had to set the precedent for many things such as how clean my room needed to be. example model standard pattern

  7. U.S. was a weak country. • Army was small, and had no navy. • Frontier settlements were under constant attack by Native Americans. • Pirates threatened American trade. • U.S. owed money. 3. Challenges of the new country:

  8. 4. cabinet= established to help President carry out his duties; organized Executive Branch C

  9. “I walk on untroded ground. There is hardly any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn into precedent.” Washington sets the precedent…. 5. precedent

  10. 6. Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State 7. Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury

  11. Hamilton’s Plan:1. reduce the national debt2. excise tax on whisky3. payment of debts by the federal government4. tariffs to protect U.S. industries5. Buy and re issue bonds 8. Compromise?Jefferson and his Southern followers agreed to the payment of state debts in return for a promise to locate the new national capital in the South.

  12. Congress create a National Bank.9. Hamilton asked Congress to pass a tariff– taxes placed on certain manufactured goods brought into the country. 10. Hamilton’s logic: protect American made goods from foreign competition which would improve economy.

  13. Whiskey Rebellion When 1794 Where Western Pennsylvania Who Farmers on the Western frontier/government agents What Farmers refused to pay a governmental tax on whiskey. Why Farmers felt that a tax on whiskey was as unfair as the British taxes.

  14. 11. What was the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?Washington sent an army larger than any he had ever commanded in the Revolution to put down the revolt.People realized that the new government would not tolerate violent protests. Washington gained respect for the new government.

  15. The FrenchRevolution 1789-1805

  16. Causes of the Revolution Revolution Threatens the French King poor harvest & high bread prices desire for privileges Gap between rich & poor; heavy taxes government debt poor leadership “Old Regime” Enlightenment ideas

  17. Storming of the Bastille • OnJuly 14, 1789, more than 800 Parisians gathered outside the Bastille, a medieval fortress used as a prison. They demanded weapons believed to be stored there. Wanted to save their delegates from Louis’ troops! • The commander of the Bastille opened fire on the crowd, and a battle ensued, in which many people were killed.

  18. Storming of the Bastille • Search for weapons to defend National Assembly • Spiritual victory marks beginning of revolution • The storming of the Bastille quickly became a symbol of the French Revolution, a blow to tyranny. Today, the French still celebrate • July 14 as Bastille Day.

  19. History of the Guillotine • Previously used in Scotland, Germany and Italy in earlier centuries.

  20. The Guillotine! Dr. Joseph Guillotine suggested using it in all cases of capital punishment.. • Quick and “painless” death

  21. 12. French Revolution – 1789 rebellion in France that ended French Monarchy for a time. • 13. Thomas Jefferson believed France had a right to fight for freedom just as Americans had done.

  22. 14. French Revolution – lost support in U.S. because Radicals in France began executing thousands of people. • 15. Foreign Policy – • actions that a nation takes in relation to other nations

  23. In 1793, Great Britain and several other countries went to war against the revolutionary government in France. (They were afraid the fight for equality and liberty might spill over into their countries.) France called on the U.S. to abide by the Treaty of Alliance of 1778. Washington wanted to remain neutral. WHY? 16. Neutral – not take sides in a conflict

  24. Hamilton and Jefferson disagree.Washington makes a decision. 17. A Proclamation of Neutrality was issued. Jay Treaty was signed and negotiated.

  25. 18. Why was remaining neutral difficult?1. Britain and France seized cargo from U.S. ships.2. American merchants wanted to trade with one or the other so some ignored Proclamation.3. The Jay Treaty sparked protest among Americansbecause they felt it solved nothing.

  26. 19. In Washington’s Farewell Address, he warned that political parties would divide the nation and that America should STAY OUT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

  27. 20. Factions – opposing groups within parties POLITICAL PARTIES DEVELOPSECTION 3 Hamilton: Sharp Focused Ambitious Active political leader Formal dress Wanted ties with Britain Jefferson: Country gentlemen Relaxed Constantly worked on new ideas Dressed informal Agriculture Supported France

  28. 21. T-Chart (page 289)

  29. 29. Caucus – a closed political meeting held by the Federalists and Republicans to prepare for an election. 22. Why do we have political parties? --so people can organize and support their views • First two parties: • Federalist • Democratic-Republicans 23. Newspapers- grew in the late 1700’s took sides in political parties and published views

  30. 24. Election of 1796 The Constitution President=highest votes V.P.=second highest votes Electoral votes were counted Federalist – John Adams had the highest D.R. – Thomas Jefferson had the second highest. So, the President and V.P came from opposing political parties.

  31. 25. JOHN ADAMS - The Second President

  32. 26. Multi-Flow Chart (cause/effect) Causes Effects U.S. CONFLICTS WITH FRANCE Remember FOR

  33. 26. Multi-Flow Chart (cause/effect) U.S. didn’t abide by the Treaty of Alliance. U.S. remained neutral; France upset; seized ships Jay Treaty upset France and the Americans. Many Americans wanted to declare war on France. France seized American ships and cargo. U.S. CONFLICTS WITH FRANCE John Adams sent a 3 person peace commission to France. The XYZ Affair U.S. enlarged navy and army (built frigates) Alien and Sedition Acts Adams lost support of the Federalists. Jefferson called for nullification of acts. Remember FOR

  34. XYZ Affair – 1797, French agents demanded a bribe from American ambassadors. Afterwards, Congress voted to enlarge the U.S. army and navy. Adams waited before asking Congress to declare war; hoping for a negotiation Napoleon Bonaparte - New leader of France. He did not want war with U.S.

  35. 27. Frigates – fast sailing ships with many guns

  36. 28. The Federalist Party Splits Adams: ---strengthens the navy --resisted pressure from Americans that wanted war --Many Federalists were angry because they wanted war with France . --Adams lost the support of his own political party.

  37. Alien and Sedition Acts: In 1798, the Federalists controlled Congress passed laws aimed at stopping the growth of the Democratic-Republican party. --pushed through Congress --Jefferson opposed them WHY? • 29. Why did the D. Republicans oppose the Acts? • The Acts limited public liberties and rights; violated amendment 1

  38. In 1798, the Federalists controlled Congress passed laws aimed at stopping the growth of the Democratic-Republican party. Alien and Sedition Acts: --pushed through Congress WHY? • 30. Why did the Federalists want the Acts? • The new law would make immigrants wait 14 years before becoming citizens; this would keep them from voting on side of Democratic-Republicans.

  39. The Election of 1800 – ….John Adams lost support……..…….Jefferson (D.R.) had gained support/popularity……….election was vicious and hard fought……….

  40. 31. Results of the election of 1800. • Federalists: Adams and Pinckney • Democratic-Republican: Jefferson and Burr • Democratic-Republicans won; each candidate had 73 votes. • Jefferson was meant to be President, but voting method did not make that clear. • Burr would not step aside; so a personal struggle began. • House of Representatives had to break the tie. • Alexander Hamilton swings the vote, and Thomas Jefferson becomes the 3rd President of the United States.

  41. 12th Amendment is created. • Thomas Jefferson = 3rd President of U.S.

  42. 33. Infer

  43. 34. Aaron Burr –1st Vice President under Thomas Jefferson killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel THE FEDERALIST LEGACY *guided our country through crucial times *won respect from other nations *3 new states: Vermont, Kentucky, and Tennessee *a new capital city named after Washington

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