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The Anglo-Saxons

The Anglo-Saxons. 449-1066. Great Britain. Invaded by Iberians (came from Iberian Peninsula) Celts Romans Anglo Saxons Vikings Normans These invasions shaped the country. Celts. Known to be in England since 300 B.C. 700 B.C. they dominated western and central Europe

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The Anglo-Saxons

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  1. The Anglo-Saxons 449-1066

  2. Great Britain • Invaded by • Iberians (came from Iberian Peninsula) • Celts • Romans • Anglo Saxons • Vikings • Normans • These invasions shaped the country

  3. Celts • Known to be in England since 300 B.C. • 700 B.C. they dominated western and central Europe • Artisans – introduced iron to the rest of Europe • Farmers • Warriors • Language was dominant until 500 A.D. • Language was the basis for • Scots Gaelic, Welsh, Irish (Wales, Scotland, Ireland)

  4. Celts • One of the groups of Celts, Brythons, formed the basis for the name Britain • The legend of King Arthur was based on Celtic legends about one of their Chieftains • William Butler Yeats used Celtic legends as basis for his poetry • Celtic legends included strong powerful women

  5. Animism • Practiced by the Celts • “Spirits/Fairies” inhabit and controlled everything • Priests were called Druids • Occasionally ritual dances were necessary • Occasionally human sacrifice was necessary • Beliefs led the way for many fantastical stories

  6. Romans • Julius Caesar leads an invasion in 55 B.C. • Romans kept other invaders away from Britain for several hundred years • Built 5,000 miles of roads • Enabled trade, taxes, and military • Christianity is introduced • Left Britain in 409 A.D.

  7. Roman Departure • Left Britain in 409 A.D. • Left Britain governmentless • Left Britain open for more invasions

  8. Anglo-Saxons • Angles and Saxons came from Germany • Jutes came from Denmark

  9. Anglo-Saxons • Began as groups of families led by a chief • Farmers • Metal Workers • Anglo-Saxon language became the dominant language • Coined the name England

  10. Anglo-Saxons • Not barbarians but warfare was common • Loyalty was tantamount • Ensured survival • Rewarded by leaders in form of gifts • Fame and success were gained by loyalty to the leader • Success was measured by • gifts from the leader • Fame: immortality could be found through recognition for heroic deeds

  11. King Alfred aka Alfred the Great • Unified the many groups together to fight the Danes/Vikings • Rebuilt cities that had been destroyed during invasions • Revived interest in learning • Helped spread the use of English as a common language which allowed it to gain respect • Started the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of Anglo-Saxon history • Translated and wrote works

  12. Anglo-Saxon Religion • Woden • God of death, poetry, and magic • Led to the word Wednesday (Woden’s Day) • Could help humans communicate with spirits • Associated with burial rites and trances • Thunor • God of thunder and lightning • Led to the word Thursday (Thunor’s Day)

  13. Anglo-Saxon Virtues • Bravery • Rough life with constant invasions and harsh conditions • Loyalty • Rewarded because leaders needed to know they had help • Generosity • Tokens of appreciation for bravery and loyalty • Friendship

  14. Dragons • Important part of Anglo-Saxon beliefs • Protectors of treasure • Associated with the Vikings/Danes • Carved on their ships • Embodiment of evil and death

  15. Bards • Scops • Talented story tellers • Sang stories of heroes and gods • Sung with a harp • As important to society as warriors • Sang sad stories of bravery and hardships • To be a hero of a story was the ultimate reward – FAME • Used common phrases to remember their stories

  16. Christianity • 432 all of Ireland converted • Irish monks formed monasteries for refugee scholars • Eventually replaced the Anglo-Saxon religion • Linked England to Europe

  17. Monasteries • Centers of learning • Preserved stories by copying them by hand

  18. Living Quarters—Mead Halls A reconstructed Anglo-Saxon home located in West Stow in Sussex, England • Mead Hall • center of life • sleeping quarters • dining area • meeting place

  19. Sutton Hoo • Located in Woodbridge, Suffolk, England • Discovered in 1939 • Burial ship of an Anglo-Saxon king • Burial site contained 41 items of solid gold and 37 gold coins

  20. Anglo-Saxon Artifacts

  21. Anglo-Saxon Brooch • Anglo-Saxon pendant probably made in the 7th century AD • found in garden soil at Sacriston, County Durham. • made of solid gold with a goldwire or filigree decoration.

  22. 7th century helmet • Reconstructed from hundreds of corroded iron fragments

  23. The Lord’s Prayer in Old English

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