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Enlightenment and Social Impact. Justice. Beccaria (Italian) Believed laws existed = preserve social order (not avenge crimes) Book (1764) “Crimes and Punishment” Common abuses of Justice Torturing witnesses + suspects Inconsistent court trials Cruel/unusual punishments
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Justice • Beccaria (Italian) • Believed laws existed = preserve social order (not avenge crimes) • Book (1764) “Crimes and Punishment” • Common abuses of Justice • Torturing witnesses + suspects • Inconsistent court trials • Cruel/unusual punishments • Said should do speedy trial • Never death penalty • Punishments not worse than crime
Women in Enlightenment • Still traditional role of women • Rousseau teach how to be good wife +mother • Very few males change • Women’s Advocates • Mary Astell • Book “Serious Proposal to the Ladies” • Criticized does not equal a relationship of a man and woman • “If all men born free, how is it women born slaves?” • “If absolute sovereignty not necessary in gov’t, how come it is so in a family?”
Women (cont.) • Mary Wollstonecraft Equal Education • “Better educated wommen Better mothers” (1792) • Became doctors/not just nurses • Participation in politics
World Wide • Over 20-30 years philosophers changed world by: • Challenged views about society • Challenged unequal society • Challenged Absolute Monarchy • Inspired American + French Revolutions • Not activists = loved world of idea!