Industrial Revolution

1. Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution (1820-1870) refers to a change from hand and home production to machine and factory. The first industrial revolution was important for the inventions of spinning and weaving machines operated by water power which was eventually replaced by steam. This helped increase America’s growth. However, the second industrial revolution truly changed American society and economy into a modern urban-industrial state.

2. Industrial Revolution (1780-1850)-This part of history got its name because Great Britain began inventing new machines and technology.-Great Britain developed new machines for spinning cotton into yarn. As a result, Great Britain sold the cheapest cloth. -It was illegal for cotton spinning machines to leave the country.

3. Samuel Slater • In 1789, Samuel Slater memorized the British spinning machines • He came to the USA and began building cotton spinning machines to sell to Americans.

4. Eli Whitney Eli Whitney was Born on December 8, 1765 in Westborough, Massachusettes.

5. How it all started... • Upon graduating from college in 1792, Whitney traveled south, ending up at Greene Plantation near Savannah, Georgia. • During his stay on Greene Plantation, Whitney heard of a need for a machine that would separate cotton from its seed.

6. Whitney quickly sketched out a model to explain his idea and within ten days he completed a functioning cotton gin. • Although he applied for a patent on June 20, 1793, he did not receive one until March 14, 1794.

7. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin allowed cotton to be easily separated from its seed in a short amount of time. The Cotton Gin

8. The Importance of the Cotton Gin • Because cotton could be cleaned in a shorter period of time, the South prospered in this industry. • By using the cotton gin, one man could clean ten times as much cotton as he could have on his own.

9. Eli Whitney • In 1793, He invented the cotton gin. This machine removed the seeds from the cotton. • Cotton was then sold more cheaply • The USA did better in selling cloth to other countries.

10. Francis Cabot Lowell • He built the USA’s first power loom in Waltham, Massachusetts. • Girls worked in the power loom factory. They would work 12 to 14 hours a day 6 days a week. • They had to go to bed by 10 and wake up at 5:00 to work. • They got $3 a week for working 70 hours.

11. Cyrus McCormick • He improved the reaper. • By hand, farmers only did 2 or 3 acres. However, with the reaper, farmers did 12 acres a day. • He also used interchangeable parts so the reapers could be fixed easily.

12. The History of the Plow • First plows were probably forked tree boroughs • Later implements could be pushed or pulled by ropes • Heavy wheeled plow was developed in the Middle Ages

13. The Cast Iron Plow was most commonly used in Eastern United States. The Cast Iron Plow

14. America Expands WEST Agriculture production was vital to those first people who moved Westward. People from Vermont moved to the “West” to produce food and fiber for their families. These people relied heavily in the cast iron plow for tillage of the soil.

15. John Deere • Born in Rutland Vermont • Career Blacksmith • Followed Vermont Pioneers “West” at their request • Reached Grand Detour, IL without family

16. An invention in the works….. • John Deere desired to meet the farmer’s needs • Became convinced that a highly polished properly shaped moldboard could turn itself • 1837 used steel from broken saw blade and field tested this new plow

17. Immediate Success • Deere’s Self-Polishing Plow was the answer to many farmer’s needs

18. Immediate Results of the Innovation • Farmers were able to till more fertile soil • Demand was high for Deere’s Plow • Deere knew this innovation would be adopted and diffused quickly

19. Key Factor in making Steel Plow a Reality Laid down precepts that have been followed “I will never put my name on a plow that does not have in it the best that is in me.” John Deere Visionary Leadership

20. “No, they don’t have to take what we produce. If we don’t improve our product, somebody else will.” John Deere Always making changes in design Was criticized by partners and community Believed in Change

21. John Deere • He made a better plow by bending an old steel saw and using it to plow with. • Farmers everywhere began using his idea and loved the Deere plow.

22. Conclusion • The Industrial Revolution came to the USA in 1790 when Samuel Slater built spinning machines. • 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. This made cotton cheaper and more profitable. • In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell built the first Power Loom factory. • Cyrus McCormick improved the reaper in 1832 • John Deere improved the plow in 1837.

23. Thomas Alva Edison • He loved inventing new machines. • When he was 11, he built his own telegraph set. • His workshop was called, Menlo Park where he invented 1093 machines. • He spent years trying to come up with a substance which would burn for a long time. • His dad wanted Edison to read books and stop doing science experiments so Edison’s dad gave Edison a penny every time he read. Edison used the pennies to buy chemicals.

24. Interesting Facts AboutThomas Alva Edison • At the age of 12 years old, he got his first job selling newspapers and candy to passengers on the trains. • He also printed a weekly newspaper, the Weekly Herald. • After about a years time, he got permission to use one of the train baggage cars for his science experiments. • One day his chemicals spilled causing a fire in the train. He lost his job and his chemicals.

25. Interesting Facts • He used the Detroit Free Library to get books. He read almost every book there by going book by book, shelf by shelf. • He loved Science books best and decided he wanted to invent ways to make life better for people. • At 16, he got a job as a telegraph operator. His job was to report to Toronto every hour by telegraph signal. Edison invented a way to have the signal sent to Toronto automatically every hour. He almost got fired when his boss found him asleep.

26. Interesting Facts Cont. • He tried to sell his first invention, an electric vote recorder. It would record accurate votes quickly. No one bought his invention. However, even today, many states still use it to record votes of congress. • As a result of Edison improving a stock ticker, he was hired to work on stock tickers. He received $40,000 for his improved stock ticker rights. • Until Edison improved the typewriter, you could write faster than you could type!

27. Meno Park • Edison built a science experiment factory called Meno Park. He told people that he would have invented a new invention every ten days! • In March 1876, Edison improved the telephone so people didn’t have to shout in it to hear each other. • After inventing the light bulb, Edison went on to invent the World's First Power Station! Having a city lit with lightbulbs first happened in New York City due to Edison’s inventions! • In 1913, Edison discovered how to add sound to movies! • He started the General Electric Company.

28. Alexander Graham Bell • He invented the telephone. • By 1900, 1.5 million telephones were being used. • He started the Telephone Bell Company.

29. Elijah McCoy • Elijah’s parents were slaves who escaped to the North. • He went to Scotland to study machinery and engineering. • After getting his degree, he moved back to After that, he moved to Detroit. Because he was black, he could only get a job as a machinist. • While working, he noticed that men called "grease monkeys" had to crawl around on the machines oiling them. Some of these boys got hurt. • In 1872, he invented a way to oil machines without stopping

30. John D. Rockefeller • He came from a poor family. However, he started an oil-refinery business/ • Through buying other companies and labeling them different names, he got a monopoly.

31. Vocabulary Corporation: A large business owned by people who invest into it. Shareholders: People who invest money into a company. Sweatshops: Small factories that wer unsafe and unhealthy and paid little money for the work.