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CHI 101 Introduction

CHI 101 Introduction. Pinyin and Tones. Chinese Syllable Structure Initial + (Medial) + Final + Tone Initial - Consonants: b,p,m,f,d,t,n,l .…etc. Medial - i, u, ü Final - Vowels: a,e,i,u,o,ai,ao,ou …etc. (+ n/ng ending). 1. Simple Finals.

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CHI 101 Introduction

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  1. CHI 101Introduction Pinyin and Tones

  2. Chinese Syllable StructureInitial + (Medial) + Final +ToneInitial - Consonants: b,p,m,f,d,t,n,l.…etc.Medial - i, u, üFinal - Vowels: a,e,i,u,o,ai,ao,ou…etc. (+ n/ng ending)

  3. 1. Simple Finals a -- central vowel o -- rounded semi-high back vowel e -- unrounded semi-high back vowel i* -- unrounded high front vowel u -- rounded high back vowel ü-- rounded high front vowel * Lose “i” sound after z,c,s and zh,ch,sh,r

  4. 2. Initials (consonants) There are 21 initials in Chinese. They can be divided into three major types:

  5. 3. Basic Combinations Finals

  6. 4. Compound Finals (1): ai, ei, ao, ou

  7. 4. Compound finals (2): an, en, in, ang, eng, ing, ong (page 1)

  8. 4. Compound finals (2) (Page 2)

  9. 4. Compound finals (3): Medial /i/ - ia, iao, ie, iu(Page 1)

  10. 4. Compound finals (3): Medial /i/ - ian, iang, iong (Page 2)

  11. 4. Compound finals (4): Medial /u/ - ua, uo, uai, ui (page 1)

  12. 4. Compound finals (4):Medial /u/ - uan, un, uang, (page 2)

  13. 4. Compound finals (5): Medial /ü/- üe, üan, ün

  14. 5. Pinyin Spelling Rules 5.1. “y” as initial 5.1.1. When there is no initial before i: a. Add “y” as the initial when “i” is alone or followed by “n” or “ng,” i  yi ing  ying in  yin b. Change “i” into “y” when “i” is followed by another vowel: ia  ya ian  yan ie  ye iang  yang iao  yao iong  yong iu  i(o)u you 5.1.2. Add “y” as the initial when there is no initial before “ü”: ü  yu üan  yuan üe  yue ün  yun

  15. 5. Pinyin Spelling Rules (2) 5.2. “w” as initial 5.2.1. Change “u” into “w” if “u” is not preceded by an initial: ua  wa uai  wai uan  wan uang  wang uo  wo ui  u(e)i  wei un  u(e)n  wen ueng  weng 5.2.2. “u” by itself becomes wu

  16. Practice 1. a. qiu b. chou • a. shu b. xu • a. zhe b. jie • a. guo b. gou • a. jian b. qian • a. xi b. shi • a. cai b. sai 8. a. chui b. que

  17. Homework: - Workbook Introduction, Part One A, B, F (Textbook/WB Audio on eCampus) • Character Work Book P. 5, 6 Office hours: Lin laoshi: Mon 3:30 – 5:00; Wed 3:30 – 5:00 Wang laoshi: Tue 2:30 – 4:00; Wed 2:30 – 4:00

  18. 6. Tones (1)Pitch Contour - 55 35 214 51 mā má mǎ mà Tone 1 2 3 4

  19. Good sites to practice tone – linked from eCampus (Pinyin with tones) • http://www.newconceptmandarin.com/learning-tools/introduction-to-pinyin.aspx • http://talkbank.org/Pinyin/Trad_chart.php

  20. 6. Tones (2) The neutral tone: . Pronounced briefly and softly 1. First tone + neutral  55 + 22. Second tone + neutral  35 + 33. Third tone + neutral  32 + 44. Fourth tone + neutral  51 + 1 Examples: bàbashūshuxiānsheng ‘father’ ‘uncle’ ‘Mr. or husband’

  21. 7. Tone Sandhi Rules 1. When two third-tone syllables are together, the first third tone becomes second tone. 33  23 e.g. hěnhǎo  hénhǎo 2. The third tone is only pronounced as a full third tone when it is emphasized. Otherwise it is pronounced as a low tone (except #1). pitch contour 213  21 e.g. Duìbùqǐ, cèsuǒ, diànnǎo 3. 一 yī (meaning ‘one’, ‘a’) and 不 bù (meaning no, not) yi and bu  4th tone when preceding 1st, 2nd, or 3rd tone yi and bu  2nd tone when preceding 4th tone

  22. Numbers “zero” 〇 líng “one” 一 yī “two” 二 èr “three” 三sān “four” 四 sì “five” 五 wǔ “six” 六 liù “seven” 七 qī “eight” 八 bā “nine” 九 jiǔ “ten” 十 shí

  23. Classroom Expressions 1. Nǐ hǎo “how are you” 2. Lǎoshī hǎo “how are you, teacher” 3. Shàngkè “start class” 4. Xiàkè “dismiss class” 5. Dǎkāi shū “open your book” 6. Wǒ shuō, nǐmen tīng “I say, you listen” 7. Duì bú duì “yes or no?”

  24. 8. Hěnhǎo “very good” 9. Qǐng gēn wǒ shuō “pls say it after me” 10. Qǐng zài shuō yí cì “pls say it again.” 11. Dǒng bù dǒng “understand?” 12. Zàijiàn “Good-bye” • Duìbuqǐ “I’m sorry.” • Qǐngwèn “Excuse me; May I ask…” • Xièxie “Thank you”

  25. 1. Good-bye 2. Very good 3. Understand? 4. Correct or not correct? 5. I am sorry. 6. Thank you. 7. How are you 8. Start class 9. Please say it again 10. May I ask… 11. I say you listen 12. Please say it after me

  26. Pinyin Practice 1. 1) máng 2) zhuā 3) shuǐ 4) zhuàng 2. 1) shéi 2) tòng 3) liàn 4) bāo 3. 1) sēng 2) jué 3) kǎi 4) dàn 4. 1) lùn 2) qiè 3) tuǒ 4) xióng 5. 1) fǒu 2) pàng 3) xú 4) juān 6. 1) běn 2) jiǔ 3) qià 4) tiāo 7. 1) lín 2) guài 3) quān 4) xiǎng

  27. Pinyin Practice • Shíjiān 2. Biǎoyǎn 3. Cáipàn 4. Sùshè 5. Xuéxiào 6. Xǐzǎo 7. Zhàopiàn 8. Juéde

  28. Pinyin Practice • 1. Mòxīgē → Mexico • 2. Fēnlán → Finland • 3. Jiānádà → Canada • 4. Zhìlì → Chile • 5. Dānmài → Denmark • 6. Bānámǎ → Panama • 7. Xībānyá → Spain • 8. Yìdàlì → Italy • 9. Nuówēi → Norway • 10. Gǔbā → Cuba

  29. Homework due Monday: Workbook Introduction, Part One (A, B, C, D, E, F) Happy Weekend!

  30. 8. Chinese Writing System . Mono-syllabic one character=one syllable . Number of characters 50,000 – Hanyu da cidian 汉语大词典 10,000 – Normal dictionaries 3,000 – Every day use . Development of Chinese Script http://www.chinaknowledge.de/index.html

  31. 8.1 The Formation of Chinese Characters 1) Pictographs (2%)象形 – pictograms  人, 山, 日, 木, 交, 馬 2) Simple Indicative (1%)指事 – iconic illustrations  上, 下, 本 3) Compound Indicative (3%)會意 - combined pictograms to symbolize anew meaning  明, 休, 旦, 安, 炎, 林 4) Semantic-Phonetic (93%)形聲 - represent the largest group of characters in modern Chinese. Composed of two parts: a pictograph (radical) and a phonetic part  江, 飯, 姑, 梨, 炮, 飽, 胞, 苞, 泡 Plus Mutually explanatory and Phonetic loan

  32. 8.2 Stroke Order • Left to right: 林 • Top to bottom: 去, 三 • Middle before two side: 小, 水, 火, 木 • Outside to inside, but the closure stroke at the bottom comes last: 回(冂口一)国, 四, 司, 區 • Horizontal stroke before a crossing vertical: 十(一丨), 木(一丨丿乀), 草 , 丰 • Diagonal right top to left bottom are written before a crossing diagonal: 文(丶一丿乀)父

  33. Animated Stroke Order • http://www.usc.edu/dept/ealc/chinese/character/simplified_chinese/output1/index.html • http://www.usc.edu/dept/ealc/chinese/character/output/index.html (numbers) Lín lǎoshī’s homepage: http://community.wvu.edu/~hhl001

  34. 8.3 Basic Radicals Radicals = meaning of the character Other component = sound of the characters Example: 妈 ma “mother” 女 nu3 “woman” 马 ma3 “horse”

  35. 8.4 Simplification and Variants Recent development: 1. Year 1956  515 characters simplified by PRC government. 2. Year 1964  2,000 characters simplified. Examples: 雲云, 禮礼, 醫医, 潔洁 國国,衛卫, 車车, 樂乐 3. 厂 vs 广，旧 vs 归，办 vs 为(simplified) 廠 vs 廣 , 舊 vs 歸, 辦 vs 為 (traditional)

  36. Do WB Part Two V, VI • Finish Character Workbook Pp 1-12 • Know how to write numbers 1 – 10 in Chinese

  37. Prepare for Friday’s Test • Know your name in pinyin • Listen to the HW Audio (esp. Part Two V.) Some test questions will be from HW. • Numbers (know pinyin and characters) • Classroom expressions (understand by listening or reading the pinyin) • Lecture notes on Chinese characters • Oral: Pinyin + Tones. e.g. jièqián

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