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The Nature of Recreation, Leisure, and Play

This chapter explores the essential elements of leisure, conceptualizations of leisure, leisure as time, leisure as activity, leisure as a state of mind, and the nature of recreation, leisure, and play.

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The Nature of Recreation, Leisure, and Play

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  1. The Nature of Recreation, Leisure, and Play Chapter 1 HPR 200 SPRING 2011

  2. Leisure List • Make a list of all leisure you have experienced since Friday • Find a partner • Tell him/her all the leisure “things” that you have recently seen, done, or come into contact with

  3. Essential Elements of Leisure • Perceived freedom • Autotelic nature • Beneficial outcome

  4. Leisure • Do as one pleases • At one’s own pace • Choice in participation • Abandon activity at will

  5. Leisure Conceptualized • Time • Activity • State of mind

  6. Leisure As Time • Work time vs. Leisure time • Work time vs. Non-work time • Define as what it is, not what it isn’t

  7. Nash’s Paradigm of Free Time Creativity Active Participation Emotional Participation Killing Time Injury to Self Injury to Society

  8. Leisure As Activity • Categories of like activities • Allows for ease of study • Problem with this definition? • Traditional activities may not be seen as leisure for all • Activities meanings can change

  9. Leisure as Activity • Impulsive phase • Perception phase • Manipulation phase • Consummation phase

  10. Leisure as Activities • Expressive acts • Impulsive phase • Perception phase • Manipulation phase • Instrumental acts • Impulsive phase • Consummation phase

  11. Leisure As a State of Mind • Freely chosen • Perceived freedom • Intrinsic motivation • Sense of control • Optimal arousal • Way of being

  12. Optimal Arousal

  13. Defining Leisure • Elements • Perceived freedom • Autotelic activity • Beneficial outcome • Conceptualizations • Time • Activity • State of mind

  14. Recreation • Voluntary • Organized • Socially redeeming • Fun • Free time

  15. Recreation Definition: voluntary participation in leisure activities that are meaningful and enjoyable What are the catch words in this definition?

  16. Types of Recreation • Public recreation • Commercial recreation • Corporate recreation • Therapeutic recreation • Other recreation settings

  17. What kinds of recreation are there? Public Recreation Run by state, federal programs/subsidiaries or by non-profit agencies Example: Paul B Johnson State Park Commercial Recreation Run by for-profit businesses and organizations There is no need to associate these with better or worse facilities or a disdain for profit Example: Movie Theaters, Bowling Alleys, Golf Courses

  18. Types of recreation (cont’d) Corporate Recreation These forms of recreation are put on for the benefit of employees or investors Can exist in conjunction with commercial or public recreation i.e. a bowling team in a for-profit bowling league or a corporate picnic held at a state park.

  19. Types of recreation (cont’d) Therapeutic Recreation (T.R.) Can occur in both public and private sectors Services special populations such as, but not limited to, people with disabilities T.R. could be used to service people with developmental disabilities in playing golf or in a seniors dance program, or to provide outdoor trust-based physical activities to youth from abusive backgrounds. Other forms of recreation exist such as private club recreation or niche market recreation such as military recreation.

  20. Play • Spontaneity • Expressive • Done for its own sake

  21. Play…what is it? Play: Activities in which one engages freely and from which one derives personal satisfaction. Other definitions imply a lack of formal organization that is implicit of play (know this). Play is universal across cultures and even across species. Implications are that there is a biological purpose to develop kinesthetic awareness. Studies have even found traces of a “play center” in the brain. From self awareness to external awareness to cultural and societal awareness, play provides stability and a process of learning.

  22. Leisure, Recreation, or Play??

  23. Leisure, Recreation, or Play??

  24. Biological Interpretations of Play • The young play • Inherent • Karl Groos: prepare young for demands of life

  25. Psychological Interpretations of Play • Reflex • Drive • Motive

  26. Sociological Interpretations of Play • Role of human groups on play • Joseph Lee: need to belong can be filled through play • George Herbert Mead: sense of self emerges during play with others

  27. Cultural Interpretations of Play • Culture defines leisure • Quality of time • Peer pressure • Social norms

  28. Summary • Elements of Leisure • Conceptualization of Leisure • Definitions of: • Leisure (as time, as activity, as state of mind) • Recreation • Play

  29. The Nature of Recreation, Leisure, and Play

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