Philippines Plans, Information and Capacity Building Needs for the

1. Philippines Plans, Information and Capacity Building Needs for the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC Presented by Joyceline A. Goco Environmental Management Bureau Presented at the Second AIACC Regional Workshop for Asia and Pacific Islands 2 November 2004, Traders Hotel

2. Milestones so far … • The Philippines signed the Convention on June 12, 1992 • The Philippines ratified the Convention on August 2, 1994 • The Philippines signed the Kyoto Protocol on April 15, 1998 • The Philippines ratified the Kyoto Protocol on November 20, 2003 • The Philippines submitted its Initial National Communication on Climate Change to the UNFCCC Secretariat on May 19, 2000 • The Philippines conducted two GHG inventories using 1990 and 1994base years

3. Experiences from the First National Communication

4. GHG Inventory For the following gases: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Other volatile hydrocarbons (NMVOC) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Included five sectors: Energy Agriculture Industry Land Use Change/Forestry Wastes Application of inventory procedures set by the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Philippine GHG Inventory used local values in place of these data whenever possible (e.g., fuel classification and local values on biomass growth rates, densities and carbon content) IPCC provided activity data and default emission factors for the various sectors of concern Emissions could not be estimated for lack of appropriate data (e.g., waste and forestry sectors)

5. Climate Change Scenarios • General Circulation Models selected and used for the analysis of future climate scenarios in V&A Assessments GCM Selection Process Existing estimates of precipitation and temperature under 1 x CO2 (present condition) compared with existing climatic normal Comparisons based on large-scale temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation and temperature Spatial and temporal variations in temperature and rainfall due to the doubling of CO2 derived using simulation results of four GCMs: • Canadian Climate Center Model (CCCM) • United Kingdom Meteorological Office Model (UKMO) • Geophysical Fluids Dynamic Laboratory Model (GFDL) • Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Model – for the agricultural sector

6. Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments Observation: studies were limited; pilot areas and results need to be validated Agriculture Five economic sectors included in the V&A Assessments Water resources Coastal resources Human health Recommendation: undertake more V&A studies Forestry Adaptation measures and strategies initially identified based on V&A assessments and various sectoral consultations. Non-prioritization of issues led to non-verification of viabilities

7. Public Awareness Conduct of public awareness activities [FGDs, symposia, consultation and workshops, exhibits, publication and dissemination of poster calendar(s)] on climate change and global warming for the government, NGOs, private sector and academe Preparation of the National Action Plan (NAP) on Climate Change Promotion of energy efficiency and conservation as GHG mitigation measure undertaken by the national government through the Department of Energy Establishment of the Climate Change Information Center (CCIC) tasked to receive international information on climate change and climate-friendly technologies and to systematically disseminate to local stakeholders “Local Action Planning on Climate Change” organized under the Enabling Activity Project and implemented by the Institute of Climate, Energy and Environment (ICEE) in selected provinces faced with potential high risk from climate change impacts and sea level rise to create awareness and provide necessary guidance in the formulation of local action plans on climate change

8. Institutional Arrangements Establishment of the Inter-Agency Committee on Climate Change (IACCC) in 1991 by virtue of EO 220 consisting of fifteen agencies from the government and NGOs tasked to: • Coordinate various climate change related activities; • Assist the Philippine delegation to the UNFCCC in drafting country position(s); • Review and propose climate change policies; and • Review projects aimed to reduce GHG emissions Convergence between the objectives and national priorities on sustainable development and responsible climate change policy as manifested in the integration of climate change policies and programs into the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) and the Philippine Agenda 21 (the country’s blueprint for sustainable development in the 21st century) Implementation of an interim project with funding assistance from the GEF through the UNDP to strengthen the country’s capacity to comply with international commitments assumed under the Convention and to enable the preparation of its subsequent national communications

9. PLANS Self-Assessment for the Preparation and Submission of a Project Proposal for the Philippines Second National Communication to the UNFCCC

10. Objectives • Conduct of a self-assessment for activities completed or under preparation relevant to the Second National Communication • Identification of gaps through consultation with stakeholders • Activities Stocktaking Phase • Review and synthesis of work carried out under previous climate change enabling activities • Evaluation of issues and experiences under the CCEAP • Identification of new areas of work • Prioritization of activities for the SNC Stakeholder Consultation Phase • Validate the stocktaking exercise and national priorities to be addressed in the SNC • Get consensus among the stakeholders on the institutional arrangements proposed in the preparation of the SNC • Clarify the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders that will be involved in the process

11. Second National Communication Activities

12. Improving the National GHG Emissions Inventory on Emissions and Sinks • New calculation of net GHG emissions using the reference year nearest to the preparation of the National Communication, using emission factors developed from local data consisting of national activities from the sectors of Energy, Agriculture, Industry, Land Use Change/Forestry and Wastes emitting or absorbing CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, CO, NMVOC and SO2 • Review and study of the latest IPCC methodology in force for the preparation of inventories • Organization of the tasks of data collection and validation • Collection of national data corresponding to the sectors of energy, agriculture, industry, land use change/forestry, and waste management • Gathering, validating, entering and elaborating of data through the use of electronic tables standardized by the IPCC • Improvement of locally-derived emission factors • Analysis of sectoral results in reference to those previously obtained (NGHGI 90 and NGNGI 94) • Elaboration of summary tables and auxiliary tables in IPCC formats

13. Steps to respond to the UNFCCC • Inter-institutional and inter-sectoral activities requiring joint management and coordination will be undertaken • Planning process will be strengthened by: • Finding ways to incorporate climate change concerns • Identifying feasible sectoral and cross-sectoral measures • Selecting measures and strategies from within these options • Assessing institutional strengthening needed for a national program of voluntary commitments • Preparation of a summary report on these general steps being taken to implement the Convention

14. Planning for Adaptation Stage I / Stage II • Application of existing framework to demonstrate how policy for adaptation can be integrated into national sustainable development for four human systems: coastal resources, water resources, agriculture and human health • Where Stage I will consist of vulnerability and adaptation assessments of the Philippines’ INC and will develop capacity to move onto Stage III which is Adaptation and build capacities of local and national key stakeholders to undertake the following activities: • Assessment of vulnerability to current climate variations for a priority system • Assessment of vulnerability to future climate for a priority system • Improved knowledge of current and future vulnerability shared and disseminated widely • Adaptation strategy identified, with no innovative policies and measures evaluated and prioritized for each priority system • National plan developed to prepare for and to incorporate adaptation into development • Improved knowledge of national plan for adaptation shared and disseminated widely • Monitoring systems for measuring progress in the application of adaptation policies and measures, and adaptive capacity of stakeholders to be developed as part of the methodology

15. Capacity building on Technology Transfer • Needs assessment for both adaptation and mitigation technologies and methodologies and identification of opportunities to develop and transfer these technologies • Evaluate technological options and recommend priorities, in the light of the adaptation and mitigation options • Identify barriers to the development and transfer of technologies • Identify practical steps to be undertaken to remove the barriers • Evaluate the linkages and contribution of these technologies to cost-effective adaptation and abatement within national development goals • Identification of modalities or financial mechanisms for technology transfer • Train key personnel in techniques to evaluate climate friendly technologies and their use in the Philippines and develop strategies that assist in early adoption • Develop a forum for abatement and adaptation discussions and provide support and access to technology options • Capacity building to assess technology needs, modalities to acquire and absorb, design, evaluate and host projects

16. Capacity building for participation in systematic observation networks • Prepare a specific national plan describing the state of the national program on systematic observation to satisfy meteorological and hydrological observation needs in the climate system (Program of GCOS and Article 5 of the Convention) • Describe actual and planned activities for strengthening the gathering, exchange and use of data including specific steps to eliminate internal barriers to such exchange with the purpose of satisfying local, regional and international needs to: • Enhance capacity for climate/weather data management, analysis and applications • Improve recovery and archiving of historical data • Develop/maintain electronic linkages for sharing/exchange of data for local, regional and international use

17. Public awareness and education Climate change awareness raising through the education system Long-term program playing a key role in the Development of an informed public and wider scope ofinformation disseminated Measure to develop capacity for the Furtherance in the implementation of education, training and public awareness (Art. 6 of the UNFCCC)

18. Information and Capacity Building Needs

19. GHG Emissions Inventory • Development of local emission factors • Data collection, analysis and archiving • Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment • Vulnerability assessments including scoping, modeling, analysis, method selection and reporting system • Identification of risks associated with climate change in relation to extremes and variability • Monitoring systems for measuring progress in the application of adaptation policies and measures, and adaptive capacity of stakeholders • Identification and promotion of traditional knowledge, skills and practice which enhance adaptation

20. Technology Transfer • Assessment of technology needs, modalities to acquire, absorb, design evaluate and host projects • Evaluation of technological options and priorities • Identification of barriers to the development and transfer of technologies • Identification of practical steps to be undertaken to remove the barriers • Identification of modalities or financial mechanisms for technology transfer

21. Research and Systematic Observation • Enhance capacity for climate / weather data management, analysis and applications • Improve recovery and archiving of historical data • Develop / maintain electronic linkages for sharing / exchange of data for local, regional and international users • Public Awareness and Education • Development of a long-term public awareness program on climate change and related information through the education system • Development and production of information, education and communication materials

22. Thank you and good day! Joyceline A. Goco Environmental Management Bureau DENR Compound, Visayas Ave., QC Tel. No.: (+632) 920-2251 Fax No. : (+632) 920-2251 Email: joygoco@yahoo.com