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World War II

World War II. Rise of Dictators Stalin’s Soviet Union. Economic Plans Huge collective farms Starvation & rationing Pushed industrialization more Reign of Terror Purges – removed enemies & undesirables Show trials – always guilty Millions killed or put in camps. Fascism in Italy.

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. Rise of DictatorsStalin’s Soviet Union • Economic Plans • Huge collective farms • Starvation & rationing • Pushed industrialization more • Reign of Terror • Purges – removed enemies & undesirables • Show trials – always guilty • Millions killed or put in camps

  3. Fascism in Italy Benito Mussolini’s Fascist Party Appointed Prime Minister Suspended elections Began conquests – Ethiopia

  4. Hitler’s Rise to Power Served in WWI – injured Hated Versailles Treaty

  5. Nazi Party • National Socialist German Workers Party • Nov. 1923 – 3000 followers tried to overthrow • Fail, jailed • Wrote “Mein Kampf” • Wanted German Homeland • Aryan Race – Blonde hair/blue eyes

  6. Hitler Becomes Chancellor 1932 – made by Hindenburg Suspended free speech and press Brown shirts – Nazi thugs quiet opposition 1934 – Pres too = Der Fuhrer

  7. Rearms and Expands Secretly began rearming Built autobahn Army began taking over land Allied with Italy = Axis Powers

  8. Spanish Civil War Several parties fought for power Nationalist lead by Gen. Franco Dictatorship Germany helped Franco

  9. Europe Goes to WarInvasion of Poland Hitler & Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact 9/1/39 – Hitler invades Poland 9/3 – UK & France declare war German blitzkrieg – lightening war Fast, concentrated air and land attack

  10. War in the West Poland fell, war stopped Sitzkrieg – sit down war Maginot Line – French fortification line

  11. France Falls 4/9/40 – Attack Denmark & Norway Went around Maginot 6/22 – France surrenders to Germany Vichy France – Nazi control Bottom ¼ - Gen de Gaulle & resistance Allies – France, UK, USA

  12. Battle of Britian Luftwaffe attacks London Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks Berlin Heavy bombing, much death, destruction Britain hid in subway Kids shipped to countryside

  13. Japan Builds an Empire Growing Military Power 1920s – recession Military began influencing politics Invaded and took Manchuria from China Puppet State

  14. War Against China 1937 invaded China Rape of Nanjing – 100,000 killed US wanted Japan to stop UK helped China fight back 1940 – Japan joined Axis

  15. US Chooses Neutrality 1930’s – Neutrality Acts Prevented trade with countries at war Europe and Asia fell to war US watched

  16. Americas Involvement Grows Revised Neutrality Acts Gave aid to UK and France Most wanted “all aid short of war” FDR wins 3rd election Lend-Lease = send aid now, get back later

  17. Japan Attacks!!! • Sunday, December 7, 1941 @ 7am • Radar saw planes “Don’t worry” • After 3 hours • 2400 killed • 200 planes destroyed • 18 warships sunk • 12/8 – US declares war

  18. US Mobilization Selective Training and Service Act 16 million called GIs – Government Issue 25,000 NA – code talkers Tuskegee Airmen – All AA units 350,000 women

  19. The War Economy Office of War Mobilization Stopped consumer goods Started war goods Ford – B-24 bombers Paid by taxes and bonds

  20. Daily Life • Shortage of consumer goods • Food stamps & rationing • Food needed for troops • Victory Gardens • Spent money on other things • Baseball, music, movies

  21. American’s Join In US & UK fought U-Boats in Atlantic 20 U-Boats = Wolf Pack Sunk 175 ships in June 1942

  22. North Africa Feb 1941 Hitler sends Gen. Rommel “Desert Fox” US Gen Eisenhower fought back Nazi lost in 1943

  23. Italy US invaded Italy next under Gen. Patton Mussolini arrested, new gov. set Nazi pushed out by April 1945

  24. Soviet Union • German blitzkrieg & Luftwaffe • Nazi began to take over • Stalin called for help, US did • Battle of Stalingrad (Sept 1942) • Red Army took advantage of winter • Losses: Germany 33,000, Red – 1 million

  25. Allied Air War RAF’s carpet bombing – 3000 planes 1000’s of civilians killed

  26. Invasion of Western Europe • Operation Overlord by Gen. Marshall • D-Day June 6, 1944 • Ships, planes attack Normandy, France • Able to liberate France • Battle of the Bulge • Small US units took West Europe

  27. War Ends Soviets fought to Berlin in 1945 Hitler refuses to leave city Underground bunker with wife Suicide April 30th Germany surrenders May 8th VE Day

  28. Yalta Conference Feb 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin Split Germany in 4 Berlin too (deep in USSR) Stalin promised to end war with Japan Didn’t keep promise

  29. The Holocaust Aryans – Germanic People Semites – Middle Eastern/Jews Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews Hitler believed in Aryan superiority

  30. Persecution in Germany 1933 – Anti-Semitism became law 33-45 – 6 million Jews killed Other groups (6 mil) suffered too

  31. Nazi Policies Jews lost citizenship, fired, sell business Define “Jew” – 3 of 4 grandparents “Sarah” and “Israel” Forced to wear Star of David

  32. Kristallnacht Most Jews believed they would endure November 9, 1938 SS destroyed all Jew stores, houses, temples “Night of Broken Glass” Forced to ghettos

  33. Einsatzgruppen Mobile killing squads in Russia Jews and Communists dug own graves Shot by Nazi soldiers Wannsee Conference 1942 Wanted Final Solution

  34. Death Camps – Part 1 Zyklon B – pesticide Shower rooms that expelled gas 6 camps in Poland became Death Camps Used cattle trains to move people

  35. Death Camps – Part 2 Auschwitz & Dachau = worst 2 lines – Work or Die Gas Chamber -> furnace Alive – shaved, tattoo, work

  36. Death Camps – Part 3 Hard work, little food, disease, brutality Torture and medical experiments 12,000 gassed a day

  37. Rebellion, Rescue, & Liberation Some Jews fought back Worked for a moment US knew in 1942 – did nothing Troops found camps in 1945 Photographed everything! No idea what they were seeing

  38. Nuremberg Trials 24 Nazi leaders tried for crimes against humanity 12 got death Israel still trying Nazi criminals

  39. War in the Pacific Japan took over much of East Asia POWs tortured, marched for days Ship battles, many attacks Fought on islands – Island hopping Kamikazes – suicide planes Japanese in US put in internment camps

  40. Iwo Jima and Okinawa Two major battles Iwo Jima – 25,000 deaths, 27 medal of honor Famous flag picture Okinawa – huge allied fleet, fought kamikazes 50,000 dead

  41. Manhattan Project To develop atomic bomb Truman made decision to drop to save lives 8/6/45 – 1st bomb on Hiroshima 80,000 killed, 90% of city leveled August 14th – Japan surrenders

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