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Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control ( Part 2)

Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control ( Part 2). Nuclear Proliferation. Nuclear Proliferation. Nuclear Proliferation The spread of nuclear weapons. The “Nuclear Club” The countries with nuclear weapons: 5 original members 9 members today.

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Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control ( Part 2)

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  1. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control (Part 2)

  2. Nuclear Proliferation

  3. Nuclear Proliferation • Nuclear Proliferation The spread of nuclear weapons. • The “Nuclear Club” The countries with nuclear weapons: • 5 original members • 9 members today Online News Hour Tracking Proliferation

  4. Five Original Nuclear Weapons States • The United States 1945 • The Soviet Union 1949 • U.K. 1952 • France 1961 • China 1964

  5. Additional Nuclear Weapons States • India 1974 /1998 • Pakistan 1998 • North Korea 2006 • Israel (Undeclared) 1967

  6. The “Nuclear Club”

  7. The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) 1968 • Effort to prevent new countries from acquiring nuclear weapons. • Only allowed the five existing nuclear weapons states to have nuclear weapons. • Those five states with nuclear weapons agreed: 1. Not to transfer nuclear weapons technology or materials to any non-nuclear weapons state. 2. To “pursue negotiations” towards nuclear disarmament.

  8. Non-Weapons States under the NPT • Non-weapons states agreed to what? Not to acquire nukes. • In return, guaranteed access to what? Nuclear technology for the the peaceful production of nuclear power. • Problem posed by that?

  9. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) • All countries that sign the NPT must agree to permit inspections by the IAEA. • Job of IAEA is to monitor compliance with the NPT.

  10. IAEA Inspections

  11. Recent Signatories to the NPT Joined as non-nuclear states when Soviet Union broke up: • Belarus • Kazakhstan • Ukraine Ended active nuclear weapons programs: • Taiwan • South Africa • Brazil • Argentina • Algeria • Iraq • Libya

  12. Non-Signatories to the NPT • Only three countries have refused to join the NPT: India Pakistan Israel • One country withdrew from the NPT in 2003: North Korea • One member currently considered in violation of treaty: Iran

  13. Review:Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) • Purpose of the treaty? • Which countries are permitted to have nuclear weapons? • The five existing nuclear weapons states agreed to what? • Non-weapons states agreed to what? In return for what? • What is the IAEA? • Four countries not part of the NPT?

  14. U.S.-Indian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement

  15. U.S.-Indian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement 2008 • For decades India had been subjected to tough sanctions for not signing the NPT and had been denied access to civilian nuclear technology and materials. • Bush administration agreed to recognize India as a legitimate nuclear weapons state & lifted trade sanctions required by the NPT.

  16. U.S. – Indian Agreement… • Controversial decision: Gives India access to nuclear commerce even though it hasn’t signed the NPT. • U.S. companies can now sell nuclear fuel, nuclear reactors, and other nuclear technology to India.

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