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Genetic Genealogy, History and Prehistory, and DNA Ancestry Tracing

Genetic Genealogy, History and Prehistory, and DNA Ancestry Tracing. “DNA and Your Health” Seminar Presented by Donald N. Yates, Ph.D. A funny thing happened to me on the way to the synagogue. Rabbi Yitzak Levy. Rabbi Michael Lerner. Family Tree DNA, Houston University of Arizona.

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Genetic Genealogy, History and Prehistory, and DNA Ancestry Tracing

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  1. Genetic Genealogy, History and Prehistory, and DNA Ancestry Tracing “DNA and Your Health” Seminar Presented by Donald N. Yates, Ph.D.

  2. A funny thing happened to me on the way to the synagogue Rabbi Yitzak Levy Rabbi Michael Lerner

  3. Family Tree DNA, Houston University of Arizona Michael Hammer

  4. Skorecki K, Selig S, Blazer S, Bradman R, Bradman N, Waburton PJ, Ismajlowicz M, Hammer MF (Jan. 1997).“Y chromosomes of Jewish priests.” Nature 2;385(6611):32.

  5. Cohen Modal Haplotype

  6. Surnames and Y Chromosome Bryan Sykes Oxford Ancestry

  7. Brief History of DNA Testing Gregor Mendel (19th cent.) George Darwin and cousin marriage James Watson & Francis Crick (double helix, 1953) Biotechnology (1970s-80s) Cavalli-Sforza Human Genome Project Cohen gene (1997)

  8. Rosalind Franklin“The Dark Lady of DNA”

  9. Review 1 • George Darwin • Double Helix DNA • Where it all started • Cohen Modal Haplotype • Oxford Ancestors • Family Tree DNA

  10. DNA Testing Today • Y Chromosome • Mitochondrial DNA • Autosomal • Other

  11. Why Do a DNA Test? • Determine if two people are related • Determine if two people descend from the same ancestor • Find out if you are related to others with the same surname • Prove or disprove your family tree research • Go beyond brick wall in genealogy • Provide clues about your ethnic origin • To find out about genetic risk factors in health

  12. Buccal Swab

  13. AATG Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) 7 repeats 8 repeats the repeat region is variable between samples while the flanking regions where PCR primers bind are constant Homozygote = both alleles are the same length Heterozygote = alleles differ and can be resolved from one another

  14. capillary Syringe with polymer solution Injection electrode Autosampler tray Outlet buffer Inlet buffer ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer

  15. PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction

  16. Genomics Laboratory

  17. Inheritance Chart

  18. Branches and Twigs Haplogroups are the descents or mega-families that characterized early human migrations. They are normally associated with geographical regions. Examples: R1b (Western Atlantic European), I (northern Europe), J (Jewish, Middle Eastern). HaplotypeOne person's set of values for the markers that have been tested. Two individuals that match on all markers but one, have two distinct haplotypes. (One-step mutation)

  19. Atlantic Modal Haplotype DYS388 12DYS390 24DYS391 11DYS392 13DYS393 13DYS394 14 (also known as DYS19) If you have one mutation in either direction, then you are AMH 1.15+. The AMH 1.15 haplotype is also referred to as the Atlantic Modal Cluster or AMC. Generally 1.15+ puts you in haplogroup 1 (H1), but not always.

  20. Y Chromosome Males: XY Females: XX Father to Son Follows Surname Y STRs: Short Tandem Repeats Mutation rate fast YHRD, Ysearch Non-paternity events 12 . . . 24 . . . 37 . . . 63 . . . 98 Surname Projects

  21. Review 2 Chromosome Male vs. female PCR STR Haplogroup Haplotype

  22. Mitochondrial DNA What is it Why is it useful Mutations Lineages

  23. Mitochondrial Haplogroups I J N A, B, C, D, X H K

  24. Phylogeny

  25. Review 3 • D loop • HVR I and HVR 2 • Cambridge Concordance • Vincent Macaulay • Phylogeny • Haplogroup, haplotype

  26. Autosomal DNA

  27. Autosomal = AllAncestral Alleles

  28. Base Pairs • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • Thymine

  29. Chromosomes

  30. Recombinant DNA

  31. Uses of Autosomal Tests • Paternity • Gene Tree & Terry Carmichael • Relationship testing (siblings adopted) • Police work – CODIS profiles, OmniPop • DNA Fingerprint Test • DNAPrint – biogeographical markers • Inherited disease

  32. Examples of Autosomal Tests • DNA Fingerprint Test • Eurasian1.0 • EURO DNA 2.0 • SNP testing • Genetic screening • Genome-wide genetic research

  33. Review 4 • Autosomal • Recombination • Allele • Ancestry Informative Marker • DNAPrint • DNA Fingerprint Test • Base pairs • STRs

  34. Questions and Discussion DNA Testing Y chromosome mtDNA autosomal

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