Warm-Up / EOC Prep

1. Warm-Up / EOC Prep 1. Units ordered smallest to largest include: A millimeter, kilometer, centimeter B milligram, gram, kilogram C liter, milliliter, kiloliter D kilometer, meter, millimeter 2. The independent variable is the variable that A is controlled B is measured C matters D is changed

2. Turn in the Final Exam Review packet assigned over break. • If not, TOMORROW is the last day to turn it in. It will be marked down for being late. This is a test grade. Take it seriously! • If you borrowed a textbook, return it before Friday!!

3. Agenda • Warm-Up • Explain “Think Fast” • Notes- Scientific Method and Safety • Review worksheets • Clean-Up • Cool-Down

4. EOC Review Day 1: Scientific Method

7. Objective 1.02-Scientific method • Be able to read line and bar graphs • Materials • Graduated cylinder, eyedropper, bunsen burner, watch glass, petri dish, tongs, hot plate, triple beam balance, beaker

8. Objective 1.01-Lab Safety • When heating a solution in a test tube, a student should point the test tube away from their face and wear goggles • Measurement-micrometermillimetercentimetermeter • 10 cm = .1 m = 100 mm

9. Lab Safety • Glassware Safety • Sharp Instrument Safety • Fire and Heat Safety • Animal Safety • Electrical Safety • Chemical Safety • Eye and Face Safety • Proper Dress

10. 1. How should you pick up a piece of hot glassware? A. bare hands B. with heat-resistant gloves C. with the sleeve of your shirt D. With a spatula

11. 2. How should you hold a test tube containing a chemical? A. pointed away from your face B. pointed at your eye C. held right up to your nose D. very close to your partner’s face

12. 3. You should report a cut in your skin, glass breakage, or a chemical spill A. after the problem is handled B. never C. immediately D. after you write down what happened

13. 4. When you are done with an experiment, how should you dispense of any chimicals used? A. mix them all up in a waste container and dump them in the trash B. pour them all down the sink while running the water to dilute C. Follow the instructions given to properly dispose of the particular chemicals D. Mix the chemicals in a flask and heat the mixture until it evaporates into the air

14. 5. What is the best way to read the volume of a liquid in a graduated cylinder? A. read the level of the liquid going up the side of the cylinder B. make sure five people in the lab read it before you write it down C. Glance at the cylinder and write down the first number you see D. read the level of liquid at the middle of the meniscus at eye level

15. Objective 1.01-Scientific Method • 1. Make an observation • 2. Identify the problem/question • 3. Form a hypothesis • 4. Design an experiment • 5. Perform an experiment • 6. Analyze Data • 7. Make conclusions

16. Objective 1.01 Scientific Method • 1. Observation: Observe birds in flight • 2. Question: How do birds fly? • 3. Hypothesis: The wing designs of birds catch air differently • 4. Experiment: Make and fly different designs of paper airplanes to test the hypothesis • 5. Analyze Data: take notes on flight patterns of paper airplanes. Create a data table on how each airplane flies. • 6. Conclusion: The size and shape of the wing gives lift to the bird

17. Scientific Method • Vocabulary • 1. Independent variable-variable that is changed • 2. Dependent variable-variable that is measured or counted-changes in response to the independent variable • 3. Control-things the investigator keeps in control in order to keep them the same for all samples • 4. hypothesis-statement that gives the best possible response to the question and should be based on already known facts (educated guess)

18. Scientific Method • Quantitative Data: numbers Ex: 500, 6, ten • Qualitative Data: no number Ex: brown, big, tall • Prediction- forecast (educated guess) of the possible results of events

19. 1. A judgment based on data gathered in an experiment is… A. a skill B. a conclusion C. a hypothesis D. an observation

20. 2. A forecast of possible or future events is a/an • Analysis • Predication • Hypothesis • Observation

21. 3. The end products of your investigation or experiment are… • Results • Guesses • Predictions • Questions

22. Objective 2.01-pH and water • Water dissolves most molecules and ions • pH scale = 1-14 • 1-6 = acids-the lower the pH, the stronger the acid • 7 = neutral • 8-14 = bases-the higher the pH, the stronger the base

23. Objective 2.01-microscopes • Total magnification = eyepiece x objective • Eyepiece = 10x • Objectives = 10x and 40x • Greatest possible magnification = 40ox (10 x 40) Under the microscope, letters get put upside down and backwards

24. Objective 2.01-microscopes

25. Objective 2.01-microscopes

27. Warm-Up / EOC Prep 1. Structures that give support and shape to plant cells are: A microbodies B golgi bodies C nucleus D cell walls 2. Ribosomes A are the site of protein synthesis B are made by other ribosomes C have their own DNA D none of the above

28. If you have yet to do so, turn in the Final Exam Review packet assigned over break. It is late. • If you borrowed a textbook, return it before Friday!!

29. Agenda • Warm-Up • Notes- Cells and Biomolecules • Review worksheets • Clean-Up • Cool-Down

30. EOC Review DAY 2: ORGANIC MOLECULES AND CELLS

31. Objective 2.02-Cell theory • The cell theory was developed with the help of the light microscope • The cell theory states that living organisms are composed of cells that arise from pre-existing cells and cells are the basic units of structure and function

32. Cell theory • 1. All organisms composed of one or more cells. • 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. • 3. New cells are produced from existing cells.

33. Two major types of cells: • Prokaryotic: • no nucleus, no organelles, smaller, came first • Ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm • Eukaryotic: • Nucleus, organelles, bigger, came second

34. Types of Cells • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic

35. Organelles • Organelles = little organs that perform specific jobs in the cell • Organelles are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells • Plant and Animal cells are both examples of eukaryotic cells with organelles • Plant and Animal cells contain many of the same organelles, but there are several differences

36. Plant vs. Animal Cells • Plant Cells • Chloroplasts • Cell wall • Large vacuole • Animal Cells • No Chloroplasts • No Cell wall • Small Vacuole

37. 1. Structures that give support and shape to plant cells are: A microbodies B golgi bodies C nucleus D cell walls

38. Organelles • Nucleus • Ribosomes • Mitochondria • Chloroplast • Vacuole • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Plasma Membrane • Cell Wall

39. Nucleus • Looks like: Central area where DNA is found • Job: controls the cell • In a factory: Boss

40. Ribosomes • Looks like: Small particles of RNA in the cytoplasm and on the ER • Job: make proteins (protein synthesis) • In a factory: workers

41. Mitochondria • Looks like: a bean • Job: powerhouse of the cell-it produces the energy in the form of ATP • In a factory: generator (energy source)

42. Mitochondria

43. Mitochondria

44. Chloroplast • Looks like: green stacks of membranes the contain chlorophyll • Job: perform photosynthesis (convert sunlight into energy) • In the factory: greenhouse

45. Vacuole • Looks like: sac-like organ. HUGE in plant cells • Job: stores water, food, and waste • In a factory: storage room

46. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Looks like: internal membrane system next to the nucleus (rough ER has ribosomes, smooth ER does not) • Job: transports materials • In a factory: conveyor belt

47. Golgi Apparatus • Looks like: stack of membranes • Job: Packs, sorts, and ships • In a factory: packaging center

48. Plasma Membrane • Looks like: layered membrane (called a lipid bilayer) surrounding the cell but inside of the cell wall • Job: “the regulator”-controls what comes in and out of the cell, protects, and supports the cell • In a factory: security guards

49. Cell Wall • Looks like: thick layer outside the plasma membrane • Job: structure and support • In a factory: Cement wall