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Osteichthyes - Bony fishes

Osteichthyes - Bony fishes. “Fish” versus “Fishes”. Fish- multiple fish that belong to the same species Fishes- multiple fish that belong to different species. Bony Fishes. All have… At least one bone in their skeleton Scales Gill cover (operculum) Lung or swim bladder >24,000 species

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Osteichthyes - Bony fishes

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  1. Osteichthyes- Bony fishes

  2. “Fish” versus “Fishes” • Fish- multiple fish that belong to the same species • Fishes- multiple fish that belong to different species

  3. Bony Fishes • All have… • At least one bone in their skeleton • Scales • Gill cover (operculum) • Lung or swim bladder • >24,000 species • Major life form in most aquatic environments • Showed up in the fossil record around 405 mya

  4. Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Sarcopterygii • Two groups: • Lungfish & lobe-finned fish • Characteristics: • Muscular lobes associated with their fins • Have lungs for gas exchange

  5. Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Sarcopterygii • Lungfish Adaptation: • Breathe air when lakes and rivers dry up • Burrow into the mud once the water is gone (called aestivation) • Keep a narrow air pathway by bubbling air to the surface • May remain in this state for 6 months or more

  6. Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Sarcopterygii • Lobe-finned fish (coelacanth) • Thought to be extinct until 1938 • One was caught off the coast of South Africa • Fossils date back to over 400 mya • Considered to be a “living fossil” • Large fish (~80kg) • The scales of coelacanths are heavy

  7. Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Actinopterygii • Ray-finned fishes • Possess swim bladders • Sac filled with gas • Regulates buoyancy

  8. Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Actinopterygii • Sturgeons • Live in the sea & migrate to rivers to breed • Their dorsal surface is covered in heavy scales called “scutes” • Many species are endangered due to overfishing for eggs (caviar) • Beluga caviar is extracted from sturgeons

  9. Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Actinopterygii • Paddlefish • Large, paddlelike rostrum that detects weak electrical fields • They swim with their mouths open • This helps them filter crustaceans and small fishes

  10. Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Actinopterygii • Teleosts • Modern bony fish • Highly efficient respiratory system • Lateral-line system • Detects low-pressure waves and electroreception • Efficient reproductive mechanisms (they make a lot of offspring)

  11. Fish Adaptations • Locomotion (with fins)- streamlined shape allows for easier & faster movement • Diet- mostly predators • Circulation- two chambered heart to separate oxygenated & deoxygenated blood • Gas exchange- filter water with gills

  12. Infamous Fish • Candiru- • Lives in the Amazon rivers • Known for swimming up urethras • Angler fish • Lives in the deep ocean • Uses bioluminescence on a lure to attract prey • Light is a result of a symbiotic relationship with bacteria

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