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Appearance of BONY FISHES

Appearance of BONY FISHES. CHONDRICHTHYES. Agnatha began to become extinct @ end of Devonian Placodermii and Chondrichthyes started to appear K: Animalia P: Chordata SP: Vertebrata C: Chondrichthyes Subclass: based on gills. CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES. SubClass. Elasmobranchii

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Appearance of BONY FISHES

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  1. Appearance of BONY FISHES

  2. CHONDRICHTHYES • Agnatha began to become extinct @ end of Devonian • Placodermii and Chondrichthyes started to appear • K: Animalia • P: Chordata • SP: Vertebrata • C: Chondrichthyes • Subclass: based on gills

  3. CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES SubClass Elasmobranchii (exposed gills) Holocephali (covered gills) Order (based on shape) Batoidea (Ray, Flat) Squaliformes (Shark, round) ** I’m going to take my first order and beat it flat with a baseball bat!!

  4. Clarification… • Order Rajiformes contains specifically skates • Order Squaliformes contains DOGFISH SHARKS • Elasmobranchii is a SUBCLASS • http://www.elasmodiver.com/elasmobranch_taxonomy.htm (reference for Taxonomy)

  5. OSTEICHTHYES • First appeared in freshwater • Have BONES (little to no cartiledge) • Most have an operculum • K: Animalia • P: Chordata • SP: Vertebrata • Class: Osteichthyes

  6. OSTEICHTHYES Subclass (FINS) Actinopterygii (Ray-finned) Sarcopterygii (Lobed Finned) Order SuperOrder Dipnoi (LungFish) Crossopterygii SubOrder Rhipidistii (ancestors of Amphibians) Chondrostei (heterocercal tail) Ex. Sturgeon Coelocanthini (Coelacanth) Teleostei (homocercal tail) Ex. Bass (small mouth) Holostei (abbv. heterocercal tail) Ex. Gar ** 1,2,3. C, H, T. ends in –STEI, Look at the tail!

  7. Sarcopterygii • Lobed finned • Swim bladder • Bony operculum • Contains: Crossopterygii and Dipnoi • Prominent in Devonian Period

  8. Crossopterygii • All extinct , except Coelacanth • “Living Fossil” • Discovered one in 1938, Found a live one in 1997 • Rhipidistii: ancestors of amphibians http://www.geocities.com/element_mine/crosspterygii.jpg

  9. Dipnoans • Lobed finned • Lungfishes • Inefficient gills (could suffocate if held underwater) • Dependent on air and swim bladder for oxygen http://www.sepaq.com/pq/mig/miguasha/mig-img/mig_scaumenacia_complet_photo_2_g.jpg

  10. Actinopterygii • Ray finned • Ancient and Modern • Bony Operculum • Swim Bladder • Contains: Chrondrostei, Holostei, Teleostei

  11. Chondrostei • Oldest known ray finned • Sturgeons and Paddlefishes http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/pictures/Chondrostei.html

  12. Holostei • Gars and Bowfins • Freshwater, scaled http://www.krewet.com/gallery/albums/scraps/The_Bowfin_The_Short_Nosed_Gar_Pike.sized.jpg

  13. Teleostei • Homocercal tail • Most modern fish http://tolweb.org/Teleostei

  14. TERMS TO KNOW • Buoyancy: ability of water to offer support • Dessicate: to dry out • Firmly Articulated Vertebral Column: joined together, makes up for loss of buoyancy • Lateral Undulatory Movement: moving tail side to side • Mastication: chewing food • Bipedal: 2 legs

  15. More Terms to Know… • Homeostasis: steady state • Osmosis: movement of water • Homeothermy: maintain warm body temp

  16. HEARTS • Fish: 2 chambers, pumps one way • Amphibian: 3 chambers • Reptile: 3 ½chambers (partial septum) • Aves: 4 chambered heart, 2 pumps (complete septum) • Body Heart(pumps) Lungs Heart(pumps) Body • Avian Aortic Arch goes to Aves right • Mammals: same as Aves • Mammalian Aortic Arch goes to your left

  17. Systems to know: • Circulatory: transports blood/gases • Respiratory: O2 and CO2 • Skeletal: shape and protection • Digestive: converts food to something usable • Excretory: wastes (kidney, liver, colon) • Integumentary: skin(horns, hooves, nails, hair) • Muscular: • Nervous: tells other systems what to do • Endocrine: hormones (ductless)

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