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Domain Bacteria and Archaea (Kingdom Monera )

Domain Bacteria and Archaea (Kingdom Monera ). Prokaryotes Microscopic organisms that do NOT have a nucleus 1 to 10 micrometers (1/1000 of a millimetre) Single celled organisms Can form colonies Do NOT contain complex organelles, but do have: Genetic material (DNA) Ribosomes Cell wall

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Domain Bacteria and Archaea (Kingdom Monera )

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  1. Domain Bacteria and Archaea(Kingdom Monera) • Prokaryotes • Microscopic organisms that do NOT have a nucleus • 1 to 10 micrometers (1/1000 of a millimetre) • Single celled organisms • Can form colonies • Do NOT contain complex organelles, but do have: • Genetic material (DNA) • Ribosomes • Cell wall • Plasma membrane • size of bacteria

  2. Methods of Identifying Bacteria 1. Cell Shape • Sphere (cocci) • Rod (bacilli) • Spiral (spirilla)

  3. Cell Wall: • Provides physical protection • Prevents cell from bursting in _______ environments • Can plasmolysize in __________environments (preserving meat)

  4. Gram-positive: Simpler walls will a large amount of peptidoglycan • Example: Streptococcus (strep throat or tooth decay)

  5. Gram-negative: • Have less peptidoglycan • Structurally more complex: • More proteins, extra plasma membrane and lipopolysaccharide • Example: E.Coli, Salmonella and Gonorrhoea

  6. Gram staining: Detects the peptidoglycan • Gram positive will absorb the dye in its peptidogylcan layers and turns violet • Gram negative will not absorb the dye and is red

  7. Four Phyla • Eubacteria: • True bacteria • Cell wall composed of complex carbohydrates for protection • Cell membrane (may have two) • Most contain flagella • Can be photosynthetic (autotrophs) or heterotrophs

  8. Cyanobacteria • Blue green bacteria • Photosynthetic • Contain chlorophyll a (pigment) in the membrane allows for photosynthesis (i.e no chloroplasts)

  9. Archaebacteria: • Called methanogens b/c they give off methane gas (found in digestive tract) • Live in extremely harsh conditions and with little oxygen (arctic, hotsprings, salt)

  10. Prochlorobacteria: • Photosynthetic • Contain chlorophyll a and b • Closely related to chloroplasts  plants

  11. Cell Wall • Gram staining • using crystal violet  purple and safranine  red • Cells with one thick layer of carbohydrates and protein take up crystal violet (stain purple) • Gram Positive Bacteria • Cells with a second layer of lipids and carbohydrates take up safranine (stain red) • Gram Negative Bacteria

  12. Bacterial Movement • Flagella (one or more) • Spiral or wiggle forward • Layer of slime  slide • Sessile (do not move)

  13. Methods of Obtaining Energy • Autotrophs- trap energy from the sunlight • Phototrophic autotroph-produce food from sunlight • Chemotrophic autotroph- produce food from inorganic molecules (sulphur, iron, nitrides) • Heterotrophs-obtain energy by taking organic molecules and breaking them down • Chemotrophic heterotroph –most bacteria/humans • Phototrophic heterotroph-can use sunlight for energy but also need organic molecules

  14. Methods of Respiration • Obligate aerobe (must have oxygen) • Oligate anaerobe (cannot have oxygen) • Facultative Anaerobe (with or without oxygen)

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