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Explore the Progressive Era's political reforms that aimed to strengthen democracy in the United States, including initiatives like direct primaries, referendums, and the Women's Right to Vote amendment. Discover how citizens took action to bridge the gap between de jure and de facto democracy.
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Imperfect Democracy • Progressive Era political reforms came about in order to bring America closer to the ideal vision of democracy • De jure= by law; Constitution made USA a democracy. • De facto = in fact; In practice, USA was falling short of democratic ideas of equality for all, etc.
Solutions • policies were enacted to encourage more participation of citizens – in order to have more say in their government’s activities • Initiative: citizens can initiate legislation at the grass roots level • Referendum: statewide public vote on a proposed legislation that originated through the initiative of the public • Recall: state voters can “recall” an elected official based on a collective feeling of “no confidence” • Direct Primaries: major political parties allow party members to actively participate in the process bywhich candidates are selected to run for offices
Progressive Era Amendments • # 16 – Income Tax • # 17 – Direct Election of U.S. Senators • # 18 – Prohibition of Alcohol • # 19 – Women’s Right to Vote
