Civil War Effects on Role and Power of USG

2. http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/lincoln-abraham.jpg Civil War Effects on Role and Power of USG • Federal power wins – defeat for states rights in short-term. • Expansion of presidential power • Lincoln and Constitution • Commander-in-Chief • Expansion of congressional power • Congressional Reconstruction • Amendments • Federal programs in and military occupation of South

3. http://edusolution.com/myclassroom/classnotes/reconstruction/USAkkk.jpghttp://edusolution.com/myclassroom/classnotes/reconstruction/USAkkk.jpg Civil War Effects on Role and Power of USG • End of Reconstruction: States Rights! • 1876 election • Autonomy for South • Jim Crow segregation • Focus turns to economic expansion • Government is pro-big business • Subsidies • Tariffs • Anti-Labor

4. http://highschool.gardencity.k12.ny.us/SocialStudies/Quigley/american/tenements.jpghttp://highschool.gardencity.k12.ny.us/SocialStudies/Quigley/american/tenements.jpg Late 1800s • Government is still small • Government is pro-big business • Partly economic policy; partly election politics • Increasing problems and inequities from industrialization

5. “Government of the people, by the people, for the people…”- Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address From Progressivism to the Warren Court

6. Progressivism • People control the government • Economic opportunities for all • Correct injustices in society • Response to the problems of the Gilded Age: • Monopolies • Exploitation of labor • Government helping big business, not the people • Unsafe living and working conditions • Rapid urbanization • Exploitation of natural resources • Political machines and corruption (Tammany Hall/Boss Tweed)

7. Causes • Muckrakers • Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis • Politicians • Robert LaFollette • Teddy Roosevelt • Woodrow Wilson • Activists • Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Jane Addams, Florence Kelly • John Muir, Gifford Pinchot

8. Results • Labor reform • Anti-Trust legislation • Regulation of railroad • Pure Food and Drug Act • Women’s suffrage • Direct election of U.S. Senators • Graduated income tax • Federal Reserve System • Federal Trade Commission • Prohibition • National parks and National Forest Service • Initiative, referendum, recall • Ended by WWI

9. Laissez Faire Government • 1920s – “Return to Normalcy” • Reaction to Progressivism and WW I • High Tariffs • Limits on Immigration

10. The New Deal • President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s program in response to the Great Depression • 1933-1938 • Goals: • Slow and reverse economic collapse • Restore faith in stock market and banking • Create jobs • Provide a social safety net for the poor, elderly, sick • Stabilize the farming industry

11. FDR and the New Deal Programs • Fireside Chats and the New Deal Coalition • Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933 • FDIC • Federal Securities Act • SEC • Agricultural Adjustment Act • Civilian Conservation Corps • National Industrial Recovery Act • TVA • Works Progress Administration • Wagner Act • Social Security Act

12. Results of the New Deal • The slide slows and stops, but the Depression does not end until WWII! • Federal government aggressively intervenes to address crisis, dramatically expands size and scope of federal government. • Federal government supports rights of labor. • Federal social safety net created – blend of socialism and market economy. • FDR elected to unprecedented third term – and will be elected for a fourth time, during WWII.

13. The Warren Court • A liberal, “activist” court under the leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren. • Expanded the protection of individual rights under the Constitution.

14. The Warren Court • Brown V, Board of Education, Topeka Kansas - 1954 - Civil Rights • Warren claimed that "in the eyes of the law, justice was color-blind." • Separate was found to be inherently unequal. • In ruling in favor of Brown the court ordered the integration of America "with all deliberate speed." • Mapp v Ohio - 1961 - Search and Seizure • Evidence obtained in the search was inadmissable because it was seized in an illegal search. • The court created the "exclusionary rule" which makes illegally obtained evidence inadmissable in court. This ruling upheld the principles of the fourth amendment.

15. The Warren Court • Gideon v. Wainright - 1963 - Right To Counsel • All citizens must be provided a lawyer if they cannot afford one. This is regardless of the type of crime. • Escobedo v Illinois - 1964 - Right To Counsel • Extended the "exclusionary rule" to illegal confessions. • Also defined the "Escobedo Rule" which holds that individuals have the right to an attorney when an "investigation is no longer a general inquiry...but has begun to focus on a particular suspect..." • The ruling went on to detail that “(Where) the suspect has been taken into custody...the suspect has requested...his lawyer, and the police have not...warned him of his right to remain silent, the accused has been denied...counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment."

16. The Warren Court • Miranda v Arizona - 1966 - Rights of the Accused • Ruled that citizens must be informed of their rights prior to questioning. Any evidence or statement obtained prior to a suspect being read his/her rights is inadmissable. • Led to what is commonly referred to as one's "Miranda Rights" having to be read upon questioning or arrest. They are: "You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can, and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford one, one will be appointed for you." • Engle v Vitale - 1962 - Separation of Church and State • In the late 1950's the New York State Board of Regents wrote and adopted a prayer which was supposed to be nondenominational. The board recommended that the prayer be said by students in public schools on a voluntary basis every morning. • The court ruled against the school district and upheld the establishment clause of the first amendment. Prayer in schools was to be considered unconstitutional.

17. The Warren Court • Tinker v Des Moines - 1969 - Symbolic Speech • Several students and parents in Des Moines organized a protest of the Vietnam war. Students were to wear black arm bands to school in protest. When the school found out they warned all the students and parents that anyone wearing the armbands would be would be suspended. The Tinker children wore their armbands to school (they were the only ones of the group to do so) and were suspended. • Mr. and Mrs. Tinker filed suit claiming that the school violated the children's right to freedom of speech and expression. The school claimed that the armbands were disruptive. • The court ruled against the school district saying that "students do not shed their constitutional rights at the school house gates. In doing so the court protected what has come to be known as "symbolic speech.“ Warren Court information adapted from: http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_106_Notes.htm

18. Image Citations • http://www.lovethosegifts.com/products/full/9051.jpg • http://www.mdhc.org/chautauqua/images/caricatures/Anthony300.gif • http://www.msu.edu/course/mc/112/1920s/Immigration/ • http://museum.nist.gov/images/exhibits/45.jpg • http://www.nps.gov/muwo/ • http://www.taxcheck.com/tax-return-preparation-images/1040-v7-200-px-8.gif • http://www.federalreserve.gov/otherfrb.htm • http://americanhistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nisk.k12.ny.us%2Ffdr%2F • www.psu.edu/dept/ palmermuseum/past/wpa/wpa.html • http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/images/fed.art.proj_bend.ccc.lg.jpg • lynn.boston-baden.com/ lvb/tc/dep.htm