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The Mongols

The Mongols. Where are the Mongols from?. North of China Steppe: Plateaus Big differences in Temperature (- 57 to 96 F). Early Mongols. Nomads Horseback riders Small clans. Mongols Unite. Around 1200 ad the Mongols clans were united by one leader named Temujin

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The Mongols

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  1. The Mongols

  2. Where are the Mongols from? • North of China • Steppe: Plateaus • Big differences in Temperature (- 57 to 96 F)

  3. Early Mongols • Nomads • Horseback riders • Small clans

  4. Mongols Unite • Around 1200 ad the Mongols clans were united by one leader named Temujin • He took the title Ghenghis Khan in 1206 • It means “Universal Ruler”

  5. Khan expands the Mongols • Khan wants to be leader of Asia • First begins with attacking Jin Dynasy (China) in 1211 • Then areas west of Mongolia • Then Central Asia

  6. Why was Khan so successful? • Mongols were superior to others on horseback • Stirrup • Organized • Legions of 10,000 men • Brilliant strategy • Cruelty

  7. At Khan’s death in 1227, this is his empire

  8. The Khanates

  9. Mongols as Leaders • Destroyed areas and population • Fierce against enemies or opposition • Did not force beliefs • In some cases, some adapted to areas beliefs, ex Ilkhans (in India they were called Mughals) and Golden Horde became Muslims.

  10. Pax Mongolia • Time period of Mongols peace from mid 1200 to mid 1300s • Mongols guarantee safety in trade expands

  11. Kublai Khan • Becomes the Great Khan in 1260, grandson of Genghis • Although he is the ruler of the entire Mongols empire, he only focuses on his own khanate

  12. Khan leaves Mongol way of life • Instead of ruling from Mongolia, Kublai rules from China (Yuan Dynasty) • Makes Beijing his capital • Creates huge palace

  13. Kublai attempts to expand empire: Japan • Khan attempted to invade Japan but was defeated after 53 days • “Magical Winds” • Typhoon

  14. Khan adapts • Kublai Khan adapts to Chinese culture • Used Chinese advisors but gave high positions to Mongols or foreigners • Expands trade over Silk Road

  15. Khan meets Marco Polo • Marco Polo meets Khan in 1275 • Became friends • Trusted • Worked for Khan for 17 years before returning to Europe

  16. End of the Mongols • After Death of Khan, over time the Mongols grew weak and poor • Mongols could not agree on new rulers • Rebellions all over started against Mongols for years of famine, corruption, deaths • (Ivan III in Russia)

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