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Unit 2 Topic 5

Unit 2 Topic 5. The Respiratory System. C 6 H 12 O 6. O 2. ATP. CO 2. What is respiration?. Exchange of gases between the internal environment and the external environment Need O 2 in (for cellular respiration) Need CO 2 out (waste product). Cell.

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Unit 2 Topic 5

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  1. Unit 2 Topic 5 The Respiratory System

  2. C6H12O6 O2 ATP CO2 What is respiration? • Exchange of gases between the internal environment and the external environment • Need O2 in (for cellular respiration) • Need CO2 out (waste product) Cell

  3. General characteristics of respiratory systems: Thin, moist surfaces Large surface area: volume ratio Mechanisms of gas exchange in animals: Direct with the environment Tracheae Gills Lungs Respiratory systems

  4. Lungs: Our system of gas exchange A H B E C D E F G I

  5. Negative pressure breathing inhale exhale

  6. Sort of random video… 78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 0.04% carbon dioxide How do you think this information relates to gas exchange?

  7. Alveoli

  8. Moving gases into bloodstream • Step 1: Inhale to fill lungs with “fresh” air • O2 passes from alveoli to blood by simple diffusion (high to low concentration) • CO2 passes from blood to alveoli by simple diffusion (high to low concentration) Capillaries carrying low O2 / high CO2 concentration blood back from body. • Step 2: Exhale to empty lungs. Capillaries carrying high O2 / low CO2 concentration blood out to the body.

  9. Red blood cells and hemoglobin Blood= 45% cells (red, white, platelets) 55% “plasma” (nutrients, water, vitamins, hormones, cellular waste, ions)

  10. Respiratory System Special Topics

  11. OBJ 28 Chronic Respiratory Diseases

  12. Common respiratory infections • Pneumonia • Bronchitis

  13. Smoking and the lungs Cigarette smoke: carbon coated in 4,000 toxic chemicals • Benzene • Ammonia • Formaldehyde • Arsenic • Cyanide Smoking: • Causes cilia to stop moving (for 20 minutes) • Increases amount of mucus in the air passages (cilia no longer clearing mucus) • Kills immune cells on respiratory tract • Decreases the amount of oxygen carried by blood • Leads to tar build-up in your lungs • Second-hand smoke also contains many toxins

  14. OBJ 28 Lung Cancer • Tumors form in the lungs www.lungcancer.au.com

  15. Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic disorder that affects the structure of 1 protein. • Chloride ions protein pumps in cells of the trachea don’t work • Results in production of abnormally thick and sticky mucus • Mucus builds up in lungs and pancreas • People with this disorder live much shorter lives (now up to late 30s/early 40s, only a couple of decades ago, most died in childhood)

  16. OBJ 30

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