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2. BASKETBALL OFFICIAL’S MECHANICS PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL
Every organization has a purpose. One purpose of the AHSAA is to provide the very best officiating service possible for all the students who participate in the sport of basketball. This manual is an aid in the attempt to develop and provide officiating that is both consistent and uniform in its application. It has and will continue to be our goal to stress the accuracy of the application of the rules while displaying proper mechanics and procedures.
The philosophy of the rules of basketball is to allow two teams to play so that neither team has an unfair advantage. The role of officials is to
enforce these rules. Mechanics are the necessary tool that places officials in the proper position to enforce those rules.
This manual is written with these three purposes in mind. The philosophy that should be followed is that the rules book and manual are the
constant to which everyone has access. The official should enforce the rules as written and follow the manual as written.PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL
Every organization has a purpose. One purpose of the AHSAA is to provide the very best officiating service possible for all the students who participate in the sport of basketball. This manual is an aid in the attempt to develop and provide officiating that is both consistent and uniform in its application. It has and will continue to be our goal to stress the accuracy of the application of the rules while displaying proper mechanics and procedures.
The philosophy of the rules of basketball is to allow two teams to play so that neither team has an unfair advantage. The role of officials is to
enforce these rules. Mechanics are the necessary tool that places officials in the proper position to enforce those rules.
This manual is written with these three purposes in mind. The philosophy that should be followed is that the rules book and manual are the
constant to which everyone has access. The official should enforce the rules as written and follow the manual as written.
3. Pre-Game Positions
1. Your entrance should be with a brisk walk or a jog to your observation positions opposite the table and benches at least 15 minutes before game time.
2. Referee will position straddling the division line at the sideline opposite the table and benches.(For a crew of two the referee will take the position for U2 and perform the duties of the U2 along with the duties of the referee.
3. U1 and U2 (R if 2 officials) will position on the same side of the court with the referee and each will be approximately 28 feet from nearest end line.
4. U1 will observe the home team and U2 (R if 2-officials) will observe the visiting team.
5. Observe the warm-ups and avoid conversations.
6. At approximately the 12-minute mark, the referee will go to table and check the scorebook.
Referee will confirm that the timer and scorer are familiar with and capable to perform their duties.
7. At about the 8-minute mark, the Referee, the umpire(s), the head coaches and the captains of each team will meet for pre-game conference.
8. The officials shall leave their jackets at the table and then return to their initial pre-game positions.
9. After the teams have been introduced and have returned to their respective benches for final instructions, U1 and U2 will go their respective F.T. lane blocks.
10. At the sounding of the warning buzzer, U1 and U2 will go to their respective team bench huddle and encourage prompt readiness for the toss and remain there until the team breaks the huddle.
1. Your entrance should be with a brisk walk or a jog to your observation positions opposite the table and benches at least 15 minutes before game time.
2. Referee will position straddling the division line at the sideline opposite the table and benches.(For a crew of two the referee will take the position for U2 and perform the duties of the U2 along with the duties of the referee.
3. U1 and U2 (R if 2 officials) will position on the same side of the court with the referee and each will be approximately 28 feet from nearest end line.
4. U1 will observe the home team and U2 (R if 2-officials) will observe the visiting team.
5. Observe the warm-ups and avoid conversations.
6. At approximately the 12-minute mark, the referee will go to table and check the scorebook.
Referee will confirm that the timer and scorer are familiar with and capable to perform their duties.
7. At about the 8-minute mark, the Referee, the umpire(s), the head coaches and the captains of each team will meet for pre-game conference.
8. The officials shall leave their jackets at the table and then return to their initial pre-game positions.
9. After the teams have been introduced and have returned to their respective benches for final instructions, U1 and U2 will go their respective F.T. lane blocks.
10. At the sounding of the warning buzzer, U1 and U2 will go to their respective team bench huddle and encourage prompt readiness for the toss and remain there until the team breaks the huddle.
4. Jump Ball (goes right) U1 counts the home players and U2 counts the visiting players.
U1 takes a position on the table side of the court at approximately the 3 point arc and is responsible for signaling the clock to start when the ball is legally tapped and calling back a poor toss.
U2 takes a position at approximately the 3 point arc on the side of the court opposite U1 and the table and is responsible for the position and action of the 8 non jumping players.
Referee notifies both captains that play is about to begin
The referee will face the table , sound a whistle, and make the toss.
The referee should hold his or her position until action around the jump has cleared and then move to the correct position as trail.
If the ball moves in the direction to the right of the tossing official l(referee), U2 will move his/her right and become the lead official, U1 will move to his/her left and become the center official and the referee will become the trail official opposite the table side.U1 counts the home players and U2 counts the visiting players.
U1 takes a position on the table side of the court at approximately the 3 point arc and is responsible for signaling the clock to start when the ball is legally tapped and calling back a poor toss.
U2 takes a position at approximately the 3 point arc on the side of the court opposite U1 and the table and is responsible for the position and action of the 8 non jumping players.
Referee notifies both captains that play is about to begin
The referee will face the table , sound a whistle, and make the toss.
The referee should hold his or her position until action around the jump has cleared and then move to the correct position as trail.
If the ball moves in the direction to the right of the tossing official l(referee), U2 will move his/her right and become the lead official, U1 will move to his/her left and become the center official and the referee will become the trail official opposite the table side.
5. Jump Ball (goes left) If the ball moves in the direction to the left of the tossing official (referee), U1 will move to his/her right and become the lead official, U2 will move to his/her left and become the center official and the referee will become the trail official on the table side.
If the ball moves in the direction to the left of the tossing official (referee), U1 will move to his/her right and become the lead official, U2 will move to his/her left and become the center official and the referee will become the trail official on the table side.
6. Full Time-out Positions When a player or head coach legally request a time out, the calling official shall verify the type of time out with the requesting team’s head coach who shall immediately indicate which type of time out they prefer. If no indication is given, the official will charge a full time out if one is available.
The calling official shall then verbally and visually communicate the type of time out to the opponent’s head coach and then report the time out to the scorer at the table. PG 38
The official who shall administer the throw in after the time out shall take the ball to the spot of the throw in, face the table and indicate the direction the ball will go by placing the ball either in front or behind his of her body, or either side if the throw in is on a side line.
(Exception: If the ball is to in bounded on the sideline where the benches are located, the administering official will move onto the court in line the the other officials.)
If a free throw is to follow after the time out, the center official will hold the ball on the free throw line.
On a full time out, the other officials will be on the last block of the free throw lane furthermost from the benches and observing the benches.
When a player or head coach legally request a time out, the calling official shall verify the type of time out with the requesting team’s head coach who shall immediately indicate which type of time out they prefer. If no indication is given, the official will charge a full time out if one is available.
The calling official shall then verbally and visually communicate the type of time out to the opponent’s head coach and then report the time out to the scorer at the table. PG 38
The official who shall administer the throw in after the time out shall take the ball to the spot of the throw in, face the table and indicate the direction the ball will go by placing the ball either in front or behind his of her body, or either side if the throw in is on a side line.
(Exception: If the ball is to in bounded on the sideline where the benches are located, the administering official will move onto the court in line the the other officials.)
If a free throw is to follow after the time out, the center official will hold the ball on the free throw line.
On a full time out, the other officials will be on the last block of the free throw lane furthermost from the benches and observing the benches.
7. 30 Second Time-out Positions On a 30 second time out the 2 free officials shall assume a position
at the intersecting point of the 3 pt. arc and the Free Throw
Circle facing the team benches.On a 30 second time out the 2 free officials shall assume a position
at the intersecting point of the 3 pt. arc and the Free Throw
Circle facing the team benches.
8. Basic Principles Strong Side Ball Side
Keep a Tight Triangle
Off Ball Coverage
Referee The Defense
Avoid Straight Line
Lead Initiates the Rotation
Calling Official will go Table Side The best officiating position is to have strong side to be ball side.
Wide triangle: Coverage is best when the officials keep all player inside of a triangle formed by their positions.
Off ball: Not everyone should be looking at the ball. If the ball is not in your primary you should be looking off the ball.
Know where the defense is at all times.
Avoid being straight lined.
Lead initiates a rotation.
When a foul is called the calling official will always take a position opposite the table.The best officiating position is to have strong side to be ball side.
Wide triangle: Coverage is best when the officials keep all player inside of a triangle formed by their positions.
Off ball: Not everyone should be looking at the ball. If the ball is not in your primary you should be looking off the ball.
Know where the defense is at all times.
Avoid being straight lined.
Lead initiates a rotation.
When a foul is called the calling official will always take a position opposite the table.
9. Straight Lined Proper position is critical when officiating a game. You must referee the defense and avoid getting straight lined.Proper position is critical when officiating a game. You must referee the defense and avoid getting straight lined.
10. Good Position The diagrams illustrate the best position to officiate from. Find a position that allows you to see both the offense and the defense as if you were looking through a window.
The diagrams illustrate the best position to officiate from. Find a position that allows you to see both the offense and the defense as if you were looking through a window.
11. Primary Coverage Ball and Off Ball
Shots
Rebounds
Basket Interference and Goal Tending
Last Shot If the ball is in your area, you are responsible for “on” the ball coverage including all shots and the shooter.
If the ball is not in your primary, you are responsible for “off” ball coverage including rebounding.
Basket interference and goal tending is the responsibility of the outside officials the lead official should not make this call.
The last shot is the responsibility of the official opposite the table and should be the only official give any signal.
If the ball is in your area, you are responsible for “on” the ball coverage including all shots and the shooter.
If the ball is not in your primary, you are responsible for “off” ball coverage including rebounding.
Basket interference and goal tending is the responsibility of the outside officials the lead official should not make this call.
The last shot is the responsibility of the official opposite the table and should be the only official give any signal.
12. Closely Guarded & 3 Point Coverage The Lead and the trail are responsible for all closely guarded counts when the ball is on their side of the court. Exception: When the count is initiated by the other official and then moves into their area.
Three point try Trail and center will divide the court in half for the responsibility of the three point shot.
If you are responsible for ball coverage then you are responsible for the three-point line.
Covering official will signal a three-point attempt by using the proper signal.
If the try is successful then the covering official will signal a successful three point try with the proper signal. The other outside official (trail or center) will echo the successful signal.
Lead will not mirror a successful three-point try signal by center or trail.
Lead may assist on a fast break situation with the attempt signal.
The Lead and the trail are responsible for all closely guarded counts when the ball is on their side of the court. Exception: When the count is initiated by the other official and then moves into their area.
Three point try Trail and center will divide the court in half for the responsibility of the three point shot.
If you are responsible for ball coverage then you are responsible for the three-point line.
Covering official will signal a three-point attempt by using the proper signal.
If the try is successful then the covering official will signal a successful three point try with the proper signal. The other outside official (trail or center) will echo the successful signal.
Lead will not mirror a successful three-point try signal by center or trail.
Lead may assist on a fast break situation with the attempt signal.
13. Transition Trail becomes the new lead
Center moves to a center position on the other end of the floor.
Lead becomes the new trail.
Keep congested areas covered with a wide triangle. The trail has the 10 second count in the back court. Remain with play action and possibility of a quick turnover. Center and trail move with the speed of the ball . Center should expand coverage to include the area from the foul line to foul line and sideline to sideline in order to assist the other officials during transition.
Lead should take a position as deep as the deepest player. This may require a quick transition but never turn you back on the play. Trail becomes the new lead
Center moves to a center position on the other end of the floor.
Lead becomes the new trail.
Keep congested areas covered with a wide triangle. The trail has the 10 second count in the back court. Remain with play action and possibility of a quick turnover. Center and trail move with the speed of the ball . Center should expand coverage to include the area from the foul line to foul line and sideline to sideline in order to assist the other officials during transition.
Lead should take a position as deep as the deepest player. This may require a quick transition but never turn you back on the play.
14. Press Coverage Trail becomes the new lead
Center moves to a center position on the other end of the floor.
Lead becomes the new trail.
Keep congested areas covered with a wide triangle. The trail has the 10 second count in the back court. Remain with play action and possibility of a quick turnover. Center and trail move with the speed of the ball . Center should expand coverage to include the area from the foul line to foul line and sideline to sideline in order to assist the other officials during transition.
Lead should take a position as deep as the deepest player. This may require a quick transition but never turn you back on the play. Trail becomes the new lead
Center moves to a center position on the other end of the floor.
Lead becomes the new trail.
Keep congested areas covered with a wide triangle. The trail has the 10 second count in the back court. Remain with play action and possibility of a quick turnover. Center and trail move with the speed of the ball . Center should expand coverage to include the area from the foul line to foul line and sideline to sideline in order to assist the other officials during transition.
Lead should take a position as deep as the deepest player. This may require a quick transition but never turn you back on the play.
15. Rotation The lead official shall key or initiate the rotation. When the lead moves across the lane to the ball side, he/she shall move briskly across the lane and not sneak across. This will allow your partners (Center & Trail ) to see you better and know that a rotation is in order. As the lead moves to the ball side, he/she must continue to officiate players in the post area.
When the ball moves across the court toward center’s side (in the free throw lane line extended area) the lead official shall close down toward the nearest lane line.
When the ball leaves the lane line extended area into centers side of the court the lead official shall move to the ball side.
EXCEPTION: Whenever there is a quick shot or drive to the basket.
After lead moves to the ball side the trail official shall move to the center position and the center official will become a trail.
The lead official shall key or initiate the rotation. When the lead moves across the lane to the ball side, he/she shall move briskly across the lane and not sneak across. This will allow your partners (Center & Trail ) to see you better and know that a rotation is in order. As the lead moves to the ball side, he/she must continue to officiate players in the post area.
When the ball moves across the court toward center’s side (in the free throw lane line extended area) the lead official shall close down toward the nearest lane line.
When the ball leaves the lane line extended area into centers side of the court the lead official shall move to the ball side.
EXCEPTION: Whenever there is a quick shot or drive to the basket.
After lead moves to the ball side the trail official shall move to the center position and the center official will become a trail.
16. Line Coverage In the front court:
The lead is responsible for the end line.
The center is responsible for his/her side line.
The trail is responsible for his/her side line and the back court line.
In transition:
The new lead is responsible for the end line and should help the new trail on side line coverage .
The center is responsible for his/her side line and help the new trail on the midcourt line
The new trail is responsible for his/her side line and the end line that he /she left.In the front court:
The lead is responsible for the end line.
The center is responsible for his/her side line.
The trail is responsible for his/her side line and the back court line.
In transition:
The new lead is responsible for the end line and should help the new trail on side line coverage .
The center is responsible for his/her side line and help the new trail on the midcourt line
The new trail is responsible for his/her side line and the end line that he /she left.
17. Inbound Spot Any violation in the shaded area will be inbounded on the end line.
All others will be inbounded on the nearest side line.
Any violation in the shaded area will be inbounded on the end line.
All others will be inbounded on the nearest side line.
18. Side Line Throw-in After the throw in spot has been designated, and the thrower cautioned not to leave the throw in spot, the Trail official should hand the ball to the thrower and move to observe the action. The trail may bounce the ball to the thrower to obtain a better position to officiate the play. After the throw in spot has been designated, and the thrower cautioned not to leave the throw in spot, the Trail official should hand the ball to the thrower and move to observe the action. The trail may bounce the ball to the thrower to obtain a better position to officiate the play.
19. End Line Throw-in from Lead The Lead official will always hand the ball to the thrower-in.
The Lead official on an end line throw-in that is in possession of the team whose basket is in the front court. The official would be moved from an inside position to an outside position. The exception to this would be if the throw-in spot is outside the 3-point arc. This mechanic would put the lead in a better position to officiate.
The Lead official will always hand the ball to the thrower-in.
The Lead official on an end line throw-in that is in possession of the team whose basket is in the front court. The official would be moved from an inside position to an outside position. The exception to this would be if the throw-in spot is outside the 3-point arc. This mechanic would put the lead in a better position to officiate.
20. End Line Throw-in from Trail For throw-ins on end line in backcourt, the trail official’s position will be between the thrower-in and the nearer sideline. After the throw in spot has been designated, and the thrower cautioned not to leave the throw in spot, the Trail official should hand the ball to the thrower and move to observe the action. The trail may bounce the ball to the thrower to obtain a better position to officiate the play. For throw-ins on end line in backcourt, the trail official’s position will be between the thrower-in and the nearer sideline. After the throw in spot has been designated, and the thrower cautioned not to leave the throw in spot, the Trail official should hand the ball to the thrower and move to observe the action. The trail may bounce the ball to the thrower to obtain a better position to officiate the play.
21. Held Ball Calling Procedure 1. The calling official should close down rapidly in order to prevent rough play.
2. The non-calling officials remain at a distance in order to observe the other players.
3. After letting the play settle, the official facing the table should look for the direction of the possession arrow.1. The calling official should close down rapidly in order to prevent rough play.
2. The non-calling officials remain at a distance in order to observe the other players.
3. After letting the play settle, the official facing the table should look for the direction of the possession arrow.
22. Free Throw Coverage Center:
Center is responsible for all players in the lane positions opposite his/her side and the free throw shooter.
Lead:
Lead shall assume a position on the same side of the court as the table. The Lead official shall administer all free throws. The procedure for the administering of a Technical foul F.T. shall be the same procedure used for any other F.T. attempt. Lead is responsible for all players in the lane positions opposite his/her side and the free throw shooter.
Trail:
The trail official will be positioned him for her in front of the official scorer and about 6-8 feet on the floor. If players are in the backcourt you will open some in order to observe them. If warranted you may release and go into the backcourt but be sure to communicate to you partners if you do this. The trail’s primary responsibility is to monitor the table. After the ball is at the disposal of the free throw shooter for an attempt that may remain in play, the trail shall move down toward the end line to a position near to the top of the 3 point arc.
Center:
Center is responsible for all players in the lane positions opposite his/her side and the free throw shooter.
Lead:
Lead shall assume a position on the same side of the court as the table. The Lead official shall administer all free throws. The procedure for the administering of a Technical foul F.T. shall be the same procedure used for any other F.T. attempt. Lead is responsible for all players in the lane positions opposite his/her side and the free throw shooter.
Trail:
The trail official will be positioned him for her in front of the official scorer and about 6-8 feet on the floor. If players are in the backcourt you will open some in order to observe them. If warranted you may release and go into the backcourt but be sure to communicate to you partners if you do this. The trail’s primary responsibility is to monitor the table. After the ball is at the disposal of the free throw shooter for an attempt that may remain in play, the trail shall move down toward the end line to a position near to the top of the 3 point arc.
23. Free Throw Administration A. CENTER (For 3 officials) TRAIL (For 2 officials)
1. You shall assume a position opposite the table.
2. The Center (or Trail) is not required to step into the lane before free throws are attempted. The Lead official will administer all free throws, and the Center (or Trail) shall visually communicate the number of free throws to the Lead, while assuming the proper position for free throw responsibilities.
3. You shall take a position at a 45-degree angle toward the opposite F.T. lane line and the lead official within a maximum distance of 5 feet from the 3 pt. arc.
4. Do not assume a position too deep behind the F.T. shooter (who is your 1st responsibility) or too wide toward the sideline that would prevent you from observing all 4 marked lane spaces on the opposite F.T. lane line.
5. After assuming your correct position, you shall give the 10-second F.T. wrist flicking count with the hand opposite the table.
6. You will give the 10 second count with the hand which will be opposite the table, and you will signal the clock to start for an unsuccessful F.T. attempt with your left hand which is closest to the table.
7. After the F.T. ends on the last attempt, you will move down toward the basket to help with rebounding action.
LEAD OFFICIAL
1. 1. You shall assume a position on the same side of the court as the table.
2. The Lead official shall administer all free throws.
3. The procedure for the administering of a Technical foul F.T. shall be the same procedure used for any other F.T. attempt.
4. You shall retain possession of the ball until the Center (or Trail) has moved to his/her position.
5. You shall then carefully bounce the ball to the shooter and assume a position well of the end line and wide enough to be able to observe all 4 marked spaces on the opposite F.T. lane line from you.
6. How wide you may go laterally toward the sideline toward the table will be determined by the number of players who are in marked lane spaces on the F.T. lane line nearest you.
7. You shall observe all 4 marked spaces on the F.T. lane line opposite you.
TRAIL OFFICIAL (For a crew of three only)
1. 1. The Trail official shall assume a position on the table side of the court on the same side as the lead and opposite the center or administering official.
2. The position of the trial official shall be such that he or she shall initially sets up in the vicinity nearest to where the scorer is located at the scorer’s table (depending upon the location of the scorer’s table, this could be located in the frontcourt, at the division line, or in the backcourt) and about 6 to 8 feet in bounds on the court.
3. You shall assume a correct initial position in front of the official scorer and 6-8 feet on the floor.
4. You are not just a spectator. You will call any F.T. violations not observed by the administering and Lead Officials.
5. If players are in the backcourt, you will open up some, remain in initial position, observe them, and perform your primary responsibilities.
6. If the number of players in the backcourt and/or the tempo and game emotions warrant your changing position, you may move to the backcourt after letting your partners know that you will no longer be a help to them.
7. The trail official’s primary responsibility during the administration of a F.T. attempt is to monitor the table, bench areas and handle substitution situations. After the ball is at the disposal of the F.T. shooter for an attempt that may remain in play, the trail shall then move down toward the end line to a position nearest to where the 3-point line intersects with the F.T. semi-circle.
8. Responsible to see that the correct player attempts the free throw(s) and in the correct order if multiple fouls have been called.
During free-throw situations, substitutions only will be allowed before the second of a two-shot free-throw attempt, before the third of a three-shot free-throw attempt or after the final attempt has been converted successfully.A. CENTER (For 3 officials) TRAIL (For 2 officials)
1. You shall assume a position opposite the table.
2. The Center (or Trail) is not required to step into the lane before free throws are attempted. The Lead official will administer all free throws, and the Center (or Trail) shall visually communicate the number of free throws to the Lead, while assuming the proper position for free throw responsibilities.
3. You shall take a position at a 45-degree angle toward the opposite F.T. lane line and the lead official within a maximum distance of 5 feet from the 3 pt. arc.
4. Do not assume a position too deep behind the F.T. shooter (who is your 1st responsibility) or too wide toward the sideline that would prevent you from observing all 4 marked lane spaces on the opposite F.T. lane line.
5. After assuming your correct position, you shall give the 10-second F.T. wrist flicking count with the hand opposite the table.
6. You will give the 10 second count with the hand which will be opposite the table, and you will signal the clock to start for an unsuccessful F.T. attempt with your left hand which is closest to the table.
7. After the F.T. ends on the last attempt, you will move down toward the basket to help with rebounding action.
LEAD OFFICIAL
1. 1. You shall assume a position on the same side of the court as the table.
2. The Lead official shall administer all free throws.
3. The procedure for the administering of a Technical foul F.T. shall be the same procedure used for any other F.T. attempt.
4. You shall retain possession of the ball until the Center (or Trail) has moved to his/her position.
5. You shall then carefully bounce the ball to the shooter and assume a position well of the end line and wide enough to be able to observe all 4 marked spaces on the opposite F.T. lane line from you.
6. How wide you may go laterally toward the sideline toward the table will be determined by the number of players who are in marked lane spaces on the F.T. lane line nearest you.
7. You shall observe all 4 marked spaces on the F.T. lane line opposite you.
TRAIL OFFICIAL (For a crew of three only)
1. 1. The Trail official shall assume a position on the table side of the court on the same side as the lead and opposite the center or administering official.
2. The position of the trial official shall be such that he or she shall initially sets up in the vicinity nearest to where the scorer is located at the scorer’s table (depending upon the location of the scorer’s table, this could be located in the frontcourt, at the division line, or in the backcourt) and about 6 to 8 feet in bounds on the court.
3. You shall assume a correct initial position in front of the official scorer and 6-8 feet on the floor.
4. You are not just a spectator. You will call any F.T. violations not observed by the administering and Lead Officials.
5. If players are in the backcourt, you will open up some, remain in initial position, observe them, and perform your primary responsibilities.
6. If the number of players in the backcourt and/or the tempo and game emotions warrant your changing position, you may move to the backcourt after letting your partners know that you will no longer be a help to them.
7. The trail official’s primary responsibility during the administration of a F.T. attempt is to monitor the table, bench areas and handle substitution situations. After the ball is at the disposal of the F.T. shooter for an attempt that may remain in play, the trail shall then move down toward the end line to a position nearest to where the 3-point line intersects with the F.T. semi-circle.
8. Responsible to see that the correct player attempts the free throw(s) and in the correct order if multiple fouls have been called.
During free-throw situations, substitutions only will be allowed before the second of a two-shot free-throw attempt, before the third of a three-shot free-throw attempt or after the final attempt has been converted successfully.
24. Foul Reporting Come to a complete stop and wait for the scorer’s attention.
If a basket was allowed or disallowed the give that signal first.
Verbally and visually communicate by slowly and loudly stating the color and number of the fouling player and with one hand indicate the number of the player.
If shots are to follow then indicate the number of shots out to the side.
Complete any communication to the table before allowing any substitution or granting a time out.
If a disqualification is the result of the foul, the new trail official will inform the coach and the calling official will inform the player.
Hustle back to your position
The free officials should ignore the ball while the foul is being reported.
If the ball goes in the basket and the calling official has not counted or disallowed the basket, get to the calling official quickly and say “the ball went in”.
Come to a complete stop and wait for the scorer’s attention.
If a basket was allowed or disallowed the give that signal first.
Verbally and visually communicate by slowly and loudly stating the color and number of the fouling player and with one hand indicate the number of the player.
If shots are to follow then indicate the number of shots out to the side.
Complete any communication to the table before allowing any substitution or granting a time out.
If a disqualification is the result of the foul, the new trail official will inform the coach and the calling official will inform the player.
Hustle back to your position
The free officials should ignore the ball while the foul is being reported.
If the ball goes in the basket and the calling official has not counted or disallowed the basket, get to the calling official quickly and say “the ball went in”.
25. Front Court Switches Foul Switching Procedure
GENERAL PRINCIPLES:
1. The official who calls the foul will report the foul and then assume a position opposite the table.
2. The official who is on the side of the court opposite the table (which could be either the Center or Trail) will replace the official who called the foul.
3. The 3rd official will remain in the same position that he or she occupied at the time the foul was called.
4. If the official on the side of the court opposite the table calls the foul, (center or trail) He or She will report the foul and then return to his or her original position opposite the table – there will be no switch and all officials will remain in their previous positions.
5. The calling official will become the center official if free throws are to follow.
6. An exception is made when Lead is in a position opposite the table and calls a foul on the team whose basket he/she is under and free throw shots will follow– there will be no switch.Foul Switching Procedure
GENERAL PRINCIPLES:
1. The official who calls the foul will report the foul and then assume a position opposite the table.
2. The official who is on the side of the court opposite the table (which could be either the Center or Trail) will replace the official who called the foul.
3. The 3rd official will remain in the same position that he or she occupied at the time the foul was called.
4. If the official on the side of the court opposite the table calls the foul, (center or trail) He or She will report the foul and then return to his or her original position opposite the table – there will be no switch and all officials will remain in their previous positions.
5. The calling official will become the center official if free throws are to follow.
6. An exception is made when Lead is in a position opposite the table and calls a foul on the team whose basket he/she is under and free throw shots will follow– there will be no switch.
26. Strong side opposite, Trail makes the call Diagram F
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Center will become the new trail on the table side.
Lead remains as the lead official table side.
Diagram F
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Center will become the new trail on the table side.
Lead remains as the lead official table side.
27. Strong side opposite, Lead makes the call Diagram B
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Center will become the new lead.
Trail remains as the Trail official table side.
Diagram B
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Center will become the new lead.
Trail remains as the Trail official table side.
28. Strong side opposite, Center makes the call Diagram C
The center official calls the foul in the front court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new trail.
Lead remains the lead official.
Trail becomes the center official table side.
Diagram C
The center official calls the foul in the front court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new trail.
Lead remains the lead official.
Trail becomes the center official table side.
29. Strong side table, Trail makes the call Diagram E
The trail official calls the foul in the front court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new trail.
Lead remains the lead official.
Center remains as the center official table side.
Diagram E
The trail official calls the foul in the front court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new trail.
Lead remains the lead official.
Center remains as the center official table side.
30. Strong side table, Lead makes the call Diagram A
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new Trail.
Trail will become the new lead.
Center remains as the center official table side.
Diagram A
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new Trail.
Trail will become the new lead.
Center remains as the center official table side.
31. Strong side table, Center makes the call Diagram D
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Trail will become the new trail on the table side.
Lead remains as the lead official table side.
Diagram D
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will remain in the front court and put in play on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Trail will become the new trail on the table side.
Lead remains as the lead official table side.
32. Strong side table, Lead makes the call Diagram H
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Center moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Trail remains the trail official.
Diagram H
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Center moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Trail remains the trail official.
33. Strong side table, Center makes the call Diagram I
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table and returns to center and administer the 1st free throw.
Lead remains the lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Trail remains the trail official.
Diagram I
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table and returns to center and administer the 1st free throw.
Lead remains the lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Trail remains the trail official.
34. Strong side table, Trail makes the call Diagram K
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table and returns to center and administer the 1st free throw.
Lead remains the lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Center moves and becomes the new trail official.
Diagram K
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table and returns to center and administer the 1st free throw.
Lead remains the lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Center moves and becomes the new trail official.
35. Strong side opposite, Trail makes the call Diagram L
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Lead remains the lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Center moves and becomes the new trail official
Diagram L
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Lead remains the lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Center moves and becomes the new trail official
36. Strong side opposite, Lead makes the call Diagram G
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Trail moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Center moves and becomes the new trail.
Diagram G
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Trail moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Center moves and becomes the new trail.
37. Strong side opposite, Center makes the call Diagram J
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Lead moves to become the new lead on the table side and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Trail moves and becomes the trail official on the table side.
Diagram J
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the front court.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Lead moves to become the new lead on the table side and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Trail moves and becomes the trail official on the table side.
38. Full Court Switches
39. Strong side table, Lead makes the call Diagram N
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will placed in play as a backcourt throw-in on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Center will become the new trail and administer the throw–in.
Trail moves and becomes the new lead official table side.
Diagram N
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will placed in play as a backcourt throw-in on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Center will become the new trail and administer the throw–in.
Trail moves and becomes the new lead official table side.
40. Strong side table, Center makes the call Diagram O
The center official calls the foul in the front court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will placed in play as a backcourt throw-in on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new lead.
Lead will become the new trail and administer the throw–in.
Trail becomes the center official on the table side.
Diagram O
The center official calls the foul in the front court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will placed in play as a backcourt throw-in on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new lead.
Lead will become the new trail and administer the throw–in.
Trail becomes the center official on the table side.
41. Strong side table, Trail makes the call Diagram none ()
The trail official calls the foul in the back court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will continue in the same direction and put in play on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new trail.
Lead remains the lead official.
Center remains as the center official table side.
Diagram none ()
The trail official calls the foul in the back court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will continue in the same direction and put in play on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new trail.
Lead remains the lead official.
Center remains as the center official table side.
42. Strong side opposite, Center makes the call Diagram P
The center official calls the foul in the front court (on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will placed in play as a backcourt throw-in on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Lead will become the new trail and administer the throw–in.
Trail moves and becomes the lead official table side.
Diagram P
The center official calls the foul in the front court (on the table side of the court ) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will placed in play as a backcourt throw-in on the end line or sideline on the table side.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center.
Lead will become the new trail and administer the throw–in.
Trail moves and becomes the lead official table side.
43. Strong side opposite, Lead makes the call Diagram M. Lead calls foul in frontcourt on side of court opposite the table - no free throws attempted - the ball will go to backcourt.
•Lead reports the foul and becomes the new Lead Official opposite the table.
•Center remains as the Center Official on table side.
•Trail will move and become the new Trail Official opposite the table.Diagram M. Lead calls foul in frontcourt on side of court opposite the table - no free throws attempted - the ball will go to backcourt.
•Lead reports the foul and becomes the new Lead Official opposite the table.
•Center remains as the Center Official on table side.
•Trail will move and become the new Trail Official opposite the table.
44. Strong side opposite, Trail makes the call Diagram Q
The trail official calls the foul in the front court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will placed in play as a backcourt throw-in on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new lead.
Lead will become the new trail and administer the throw–in.
Center remains as the center official table side.
Diagram Q
The trail official calls the foul in the front court (on the side of the court opposite the table) – No free throws will be attempted and the ball will placed in play as a backcourt throw-in on the end line or sideline opposite the table.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new lead.
Lead will become the new trail and administer the throw–in.
Center remains as the center official table side.
45. Strong side table, Trail makes the call Diagram X
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Center moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Lead moves to become the new trail.
Diagram X
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Center moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Lead moves to become the new trail.
46. Strong side table, Lead makes the call Diagram T
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Trail moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Center moves to become the new trail.
Diagram T
The lead official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Lead reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Trail moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Center moves to become the new trail.
47. Strong side table, Center makes the call Diagram U
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table and returns to center and administer the 1st free throw.
Trail moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Lead moves to become the new trail.
Diagram U
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table and returns to center and administer the 1st free throw.
Trail moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Lead moves to become the new trail.
48. Strong side opposite, Trail makes the call Diagram W
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table and returns to center and administer the 1st free throw.
Center moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Lead moves to become the new trail.
Diagram W
The trail official calls the foul in the front court ( on the side of the court opposite the table) – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Trail reports the foul and goes opposite the table and returns to center and administer the 1st free throw.
Center moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Lead moves to become the new trail.
49. Strong side opposite, Center makes the call Diagram V
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Trail moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Lead moves to become the new trail.
Diagram V
The center official calls the foul in the front court ( on the table side of the court ) – – Free throws will be attempted in the back court.
Center reports the foul and goes opposite the table to become the new center and administer the 1st free throw.
Trail moves to become the new lead and will administer all subsequent free throws.
Lead moves to become the new trail.
50. Strong side opposite, Lead makes the call Diagram S.
Lead calls foul in frontcourt on side of court opposite the table - free throws to be attempted at the basket in backcourt.
1. Lead reports the foul and then becomes new Center Official opposite the table and performs free throw procedures.
2. Center moves and becomes the new Trail Official table side.
3. Trail moves and becomes the new Lead Official table side and administers free throws.
Diagram S.
Lead calls foul in frontcourt on side of court opposite the table - free throws to be attempted at the basket in backcourt.
1. Lead reports the foul and then becomes new Center Official opposite the table and performs free throw procedures.
2. Center moves and becomes the new Trail Official table side.
3. Trail moves and becomes the new Lead Official table side and administers free throws.
