Chapter 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Objective 1: Define Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy- is the study of the structure of the body We study the organs and makeup of the human body Example: Heart model Dissect the fetal pig Dissect the coweye

2. Physiology- is the study of how the body works • Examples taking your pulse tracing the flow of blood through heart digestion of food

3. Obj. 2 List and describe 10 characteristics of life • Responsiveness – ability of sense change and react • Movement – change in position of an organism • Reproduction- process of making a new organism • Respiration- the process of getting oxygen • Growth- an increase in body size

4. 6. digestion- complex material changes into simpler material • 7. absorption- the passage of a substance through a membrane • 8. assimilation- putting molecules together to make a more complex substances • 9 circulation- movement of material • 10. excretion- getting rid of material

5. Obj. #3 List the 5 needs of an organism • Water- Most abundant substance in the body 2. Food- Provides energy for body

6. 3. Oxygen- Makes up 20% of atmospheric air we breath 78% is nitrogen 2% other gases 4. heat- we get heat from muscle activity Normal temp-98.6 degree F or 37 degrees celcius

7. Pressure- there are 2 types in the body a. Hydrostatic pressure- example would be the blood moving under the pressure of the heart 120/80 is normal b. Atmospheric pressure- comes from the air around us and allows us to breath

8. Obj. 4 Explain what homeostasis is • Homeostasis- maintaining a steady state • Examples: ( your doctor checks for homeostasis in a check up to make sure your vital signs are normal) 1. blood pressure 2. body temperature 3. breathing rate 4. urine samples 5. blood samples

9. Obj. 5: Describe Structural Organization of Body • Atoms – Simplest unit of an Element • Molecules – Combined atoms • Organelles – Combined molecules (basic units in cells) • Cell- basic unit of living organism • Tissue- group of cells • Organ- group of tissue • System- organs working together • Organism- all levels working together

10. Obj. 6: Know body cavities and organs in each • Body Cavities • Dorsal cavity contains 2 cavities: 1.Cranial (skull)- brain 2.Vertebral (spinal)- spinal cord

11. -Vertebral Cavity contains 3 cavities 1. Thoracic cavity- which is the chest cavity contains heart and lungs (Diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal) • Abdominalcavity- contains stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, gall bladder,and spleen 3. Pelvic cavity- contains bladder and uterus

12. Obj. 7 Describe the body systems • Integumentary- skin and anything in skin protects. The skin is your largest organ • Skeletal- bones support, protect and make blood cells 3. Muscular system- move the body and produces heat

13. Nervous system- brain, spinal cord, and nerves…helps you to communicate • Endocrine- made up of hormones and glands-hormones affect target cell Example of endocrine glands are pancreas, thyroid, and adrenalin gland

14. Digestive- breaks down food stomach, intestine, liver and gall bladder • Respiratory system- intake and output of gases…lungs • Circulatory system- transports gases, nutrients, and other things…heart and blood vessels

15. Lymphatic system- cleans up lymph fluid…spleen and lymph nodes • Urinary system- gets rid of waste kidney, ureters, and urethra • Reproductive- produces offspring testes and uterus

16. Obj. 8: Describe anatomical terms • Superior- means above • Inferior- means below • Anterior- means toward the front • Posterior- means toward the back • Medial – means close to the midline of body

17. Lateral- means toward sides of body • Proximal- closer to the point of attachment • Distal-futher away from the point of attachment • Superfical- near the surface • Deep- internal