French and Indian War

1. French and Indian War • Map on page 146 • 1. 3 European Countries that owned land • England, France, Spain • 2. England • 13 Colonies, Part of Canada • Spain • Florida, Southwest US, Mexico, Central and South America, Caribbean Islands • France • Midwest (Louisiana), Parts of Canada, Caribbean Islands • Called New France • 3. Yellow land with pink stripes=disputed area between England and France • 4. Located past Appal. Mts. to Mississippi River/ borders the 13 Colonies • 5. disputed land/ close borders/ want for more land

2. French and Indian War • Map page 146 • 1. England and Spain • 2. England • All of Canada, 13 Colonies, Land from the Appal. Mts. WEST to the Mississippi, Florida • Spain • West of Mississippi (Louisiana), Mexico, C/S America • 3. France • 4. Lost the French and Indian War • 5. England and Spain • England gained all of Canada and land from Appal. Mts WEST to the Mississippi River and Florida • Spain gained Midwest of US • 6. Winners of war???? What about Spain??? • Spain gained land but lost Florida???? • 7. England

3. French and Indian War • P. 143-144 • 1. Where did France claim land? • Ohio River Valley, the Mississippi River valley (Louisiana), and the Great Lake region=New France • 2. Colonized for furs and to convert Native Americans to Christianity • 3. fur trade • 4. Europeans and Native Americans • 5. Wars in Europe effected the colonists in the New World • 6. Native Americans • 7. Pennsylvania fur traders/ Virginia land companies=colonists wanted westward land • 8. As English colonists moved west into the Ohio River Valley, the French became concerned about losing control of the rivers that connected their Canadian and Louisiana settlements=TENSION

4. Bellringer10/24/13—Get out of your notebook the French and Indian War worksheet from yesterday’s class. Check and/or write in the answers to the last section on the back of the paper.**Put your Chapter 5 packet on your desk if you have NOT already turned it in. Check your Answers for—Map/Chart Questions • #1 British Allies-Iroquois Confederacy &13 Colonies Leaders: Braddock (1754-1757), Wolfe (1757-1763), William Pitt (Prime Minister) • #2 French Allies---Algonquins, Hurons, Abenaki, Lenni Lenape, Colonists of New France, Largest % of Indians fought for the French, Spain, Leader: Montcalm (1754-1763) • #3 French were winning in the beginning of the war • #4 British will start to win battles after 1758 • #5 Most battles fought in Canada, New York, frontiers of PA, and the Great Lakes

5. Causes of the War • 1. Previous wars between England and France in Europe and North America led to an uneasy peace. • 3 in 75 years • 2. Disputed land - England’s desire to move westward (into French areas of the Ohio River Valley). • Past the Appalachian Mountains • 3. Competition over the fur trade and fishing grounds • 4. Both sides built forts in the Ohio River Valley • Land claims (who owns??) • Proximity of forts (close together)

6. Braddock’s Defeat • 1755 Edward Braddock and 2,100 British troops march to French Fort Duquesne • Washington was on this march • March was slow—mountains, too much baggage, dragging cannon • July 9 French and Indians surprise attacked the British troops. • Braddock is killed • British NOT used to guerilla warfare (use to formal line/row fighting) • British lose/French win during the first 2 years of war

7. Quebec Falls • 1757 William Pitt becomes secretary of state and then Prime Minister • Sent better generals and more money • British capture 6 French forts by 1759 • Captured Fort Duquesne becomes known as Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) • British lay siege to Quebec (on steep cliff) • British find a path up the cliff, surprise attack the French • Both the French (Montcalm) and the British leader (Wolfe) were killed in the battle • Montreal falls 1 year later, and all of Canada was controlled by the British

8. Treaty of Paris • Britain and France will continue fighting for 3 more years in other parts of the world • 1761 Spain enters as France’s ally • 1763 war ends and Treaty of Paris was signed • France loses all land in North America • England gains more land in their colonial empire • See map page 146

9. Pontiac’s Rebellion • British will take over all French forts in North America • Colonists moved into Native American land beyond the Appalachian Mts. • 1763 Native Americans retaliated and attacked settlersand destroying fortswest of the Appalachians. Only 3 British forts remained • Called Pontiac’s war after Ottawa Chief Pontiac • British responded with attacks • Lenni Lenape Indians had Fort Pitt under siege—gave Indians small-pox infected blankets • 3 years later a peace treaty was signed • PROBLEM—how to control Native relations in the new lands won in the French and Indian war

10. Proclamation of 1763 • Made to avoid future problems with Native Americans • FORBIDS settlers (colonists) from settling WEST of the Appalachian Mts. • See map page 146 • Land WEST of the Appalachians to the Mississippi was reserved for Native Americans

11. New Colonial Identity • Colonists were angry about the Proclamation-wanted the land they fought for in the war • Anger between colonists and England • French and Indian War gave a sense of unity to the colonists(common enemy) • Colonial unity grows as colonists’ resentment to England grows • Colonial leadership grows • Future---conflict with England

12. Bellringer 10/25/131. Pick up a ½ sheet of notebook paper on the shelf. 2. Put your ECONOMIC PICTURES on your desk.3. Look at the picture and answer the 3 questions. • 1.Who do you think this man is? • 2.What countries’ uniform is he wearing? • 3. Why do some historians consider the French and Indian War/ also called the War for Empire to be the MOST important war in America’s history?

13. Washington • As a surveyor (studies land)---Gov. of Virginia sent Washington to tell the French they were trespassing on English land and demand they leave • Result---French refuse to leave • As a colonel—sent him back to Ohio with a militia (group of civilians) • Militia had instructions to build a fort near present day Pittsburgh • French had already built Fort Duquesne • Washington built a small fort called Fort Necessity • Greatly outnumbered, Washington attacked a French scouting party • French surrounded Washington and colonists surrendered • Later was released • Became famous—4 bullets through my coat  • Despite defeat became known as a hero • Will be on Braddock’s March

14. Albany Plan • -delegates from New England, NY, PA, MD, NJ, DE met in ALBANY, NY • -2 Part Plan • -Part #1---seek friendship of Native Americans (Iroquois)---PASSES • -Part #2------their goal was to find a way for the colonies to work together to defend against the French

15. Albany Plan • -they adopted a plan made by BENJAMIN FRANKLIN • -the plan called for one GOVERNMENT for all of the American colonies • -a single elected LEGISLATURE from all the colonies would have the power to: • collect taxes, regulate Indian affairs, regulate trade, raise armies, pass laws • -delegates in NY adopted this plan

16. Albany Plan of the Union • -all colonial assemblies rejected the plan—they were NOT ready to give up ANY OF THEIR INDIVIDUAL POWERS • -Albany Plan FAILED to UNITE THE COLONIES • Why Important if it FAILED??? • -1st attempt ever to UNITE THE COLONIES • -1st step in EVENTUALLY UNITING THE COLONIES • -leads to the Revolution and future government

17. Results of the French and Indian War • -Colonists fought and gained military experience • -George Washington gained military experience • -Colonists felt less dependent on England • -French and Indian War leads to the American Revolution • -After the war, England in debt---spent lots of money to win and fight the war • -Who should pay for this debt? • -England feels the colonists should pay, after all they got more LAND!! • -England passes a series of acts (TAXES) on the colonists • -Colonists get angry--- a conflict begins