1 / 28

Monday May 12, 2014

Monday May 12, 2014. Starter : What phylum would fish fall into? What characteristics tell you what phylum they are in?. Tuesday May 13, 2014.

izzy
Download Presentation

Monday May 12, 2014

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Monday May 12, 2014 • Starter: What phylum would fish fall into? What characteristics tell you what phylum they are in?

  2. Tuesday May 13, 2014 • Starter:Yesterday we discussed chordates and the different classes considered as chordates. Into which class would perch be classified? What about sharks? • *This will be needed for dissection tomorrow and next week*

  3. Chordata Notes

  4. Phylum Chordata • Subphylum Urochordata (uro = tail; chordata= cord) • Subphylum Cephalochordata (cephalo = head; chordata= cord) • Subphylum Vertebrata (vertebrate = backbone)

  5. Phylum Chordata • All exhibit these characteristics: • 1) dorsal tubular nerve cord • 2) notochord • fluid filled cells encased by fibrous tissue is located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord • 3) pharyngialslits (aka gills) • 4) tail • 5) coelom body cavity • 6) bilateral symmetry

  6. It’s What All the Chordates are Wearing were the first "backbones" serving as support structures in chordates makes up the nervous system

  7. It’s What All the Chordates are Wearing filter-feeding organs; aka gills

  8. Subphylum Urochordata • sea squirts or tunicates • notochord does not extend into head and • is only present in adults • larvae is free-swimming but non-feeding • adult is sessile filter feeder

  9. Subphylum Cephalochordata • “head” cord • lancelet or Amphioxus • notochord present throughout life • extends into head region

  10. Subphylum Vertebrata General Characteristics: • chordates with a backbone • exhibit cephalization • closed circulatory system • neural crest: definite place we find a brain

  11. Agnatha (without jaws) • lamprey and hagfish • no paired appendages

  12. Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) • flexible endoskeletons of cartilage strengthened by calcium granules • sharks, skates, and rays • internal fertilization • some active hunters, other bottom feeders

  13. Osteichthyes(bony fish) • Endoskeleton of hard calcium phosphate matrix • Operculum- protective flap • Swim bladder – controls buoyancy and swimming

  14. Amphibia(“two lives”) • transition to land – still tied to water for respiration and reproduction • Gills  lungs (metamorphosis) • Frogs, toads, salamanders, newts

  15. Reptilia (to creep) • lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises, Gila monsters, crocodiles, alligators • first true land animal • scales, lungs, amniotic eggs • no feathers • cold-blooded – ectotherms – (energy conservation)

  16. Mammalia (breast) • Active metabolism = warm blooded • Efficient respiration (use lungs) • Efficient circulation w/ 4-chambered heart • Layer of fat • Mammary glands

  17. Aves (bird) • feathered • few flightless: ostrich, kiwi, emu • breastbone with keel – carina – permitting flight • jays, sparrows, warblers, etc.

  18. Fish Anatomy

  19. A Few Classes: • Myxini: jawless Hagfish • snake like • Cephalaspidomorphi: Lampreys • oldest living lineage of verabrates. • Chondrichthyes: Sharks, rays, etc. • The biggest and most successful predators • Actinopterygii: Ray-finned fishes • common fishes: bass, clownfish, tuna, etc. • Actinistia: Lobed fin, spike containing fish • Dipnoi: Lungfish • freshwater

  20. Nervous System • most have a central nervous system • brain • network of nerves • hollow nerve chord

  21. Circulatory System • CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM which contains: • at least 1 heart (most 2 chambered some 4 chambered) • blood vessels (capillaries, etc) and blood

  22. Gas Exchange • pharyngeal slits (aka gills): allow for O2/CO2 gas exchange via capillary network • H2O pumped over gills forcing oxygen poor water out and pulling on oxygen rich H2O through their mouths

  23. Sensory Structures • most have complex, well developed eyes • lateral line: structure that detects motion/vibration in the water • some have nasal sacs that connect to their nasal passage to improve their sense of smell

  24. Digestive System • complete digestive system: • ingest food through mouth • esophagus • stomach • most have intestines

  25. Excretory System • all fish: • get rid of waste through anus • have kidneys • some contain urinary bladder

  26. Locomotion/Musculature • all contain a complex muscle system similar to humans • most use their tails to propel themselves through water • some have fins to also aid in movement

  27. Skeletal System • most have a complex, joint skeleton • either made of cartilage or are considered bony (made of calcium phosphate) • most have vertebrae (lose notochord during embryonic development) • some have more primitive notochord which means less jointed skeletons

  28. Reproduction • reproduce sexually • most external fertilizers • embryos develop and hatch externally (oviparous) • Chondrichthyes use internal fertilization • in some: embryos carried internally and live birth (viviparous) • some ovoviviparous (retain fertilized eggs hatch within the uterus) • others are oviparous

More Related