Monday May 19, 2014

1. Monday May 19, 2014 Goal: 10.9.1 Compare economic & military power shifts caused by the war. In-class: 17.2 Communists Take Power in China PPT Notes Reflection #3: Duck and Cover • The following is a 1951 cartoon about nuclear weapons, shown in elementary schools. After watching, answer the following questions: 1. Do you think doing this would have helped the Japanese victims of the atomic bomb? 2. What is the point of showing this to the public? Why would the government make this? Homework: Section Assessment 17.3 pg. 547 #1-6

2. Duck and Cover…..propaganda cartoon shown in elementary schools (1951) • Think about….. • Do you think doing this would have helped the Japanese victims of the atomic bomb? • What is the point of showing this to the public?

3. 17.2 Communists Take Power in China

4. Communists vs. Nationalists • China was in a Civil War between the Nationalists & Communists • Japan invaded in 1937 and both groups united to fight against the Japanese during WWII

5. The Communists • Mao Zedong—leader of the Chinese Communist Party (founded in 1921) • Had a stronghold in Northwestern China • Mobilized peasants for guerilla warfare against the Japanese • Made efforts to improve food production & literacy & won support in NW China by 1945

6. The Nationalists • Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)—leader of the Nationalist Party • Dominated Southwest China • Did not do much fighting in WWII • Instead, they saved up strength to fight Mao’s Red Army after WWII ended

7. Chinese Civil War Resumes • Renewed Civil War lasted from 1946-1949 • Nationalist Army outnumbered the Communists & were supported by the U.S. • Nationalists could not win popular support • China’s economy collapsed as a result of WWII & thousands of soldiers & civilians switched to the Communist Party

8. Chinese Civil War Resumes • By 1949, China’s major cities fell to Mao’s Red Army • Jiang’s army & government fled to Taiwan • Mao’s Promises • Give land back to the peasants • China became the People’s Republic of China • Signed Treaty of Friendship with Russia (1950)

9. Two Chinas • Taiwan or Nationalist China • Supported by U.S. • Militarily weak & corrupt • Weak public support • Communist or People’s Republic of China • Supported by Soviets • Soviet-Chinese Alliance to support each other in an attack by the West • Experienced & motivated guerilla army • Strong public support

10. Communist China Expands • Chinese Red Army expanded into Tibet, India, & Mongolia • 1950-51, brutally took over Tibet & the Dalai Lama fled to India • India harbored Tibetan refugees which increased tension between China and India Mongolia India

12. Communists Transform China • Set up two political organizations, both headed by Mao until 1959 • The Communist Party • National Government • Agrarian Reform Law of 1950 • Mao seized land of owners & returned it to the peasants • Killed over a million people in the process • Established a 5-Year Economic Plan • Plan to boost industry & business • Increased output of coal, steel, concrete, & electricity

13. Communists Transform China • The Great Leap Forward (1958) • Called for large collective farms, or communes • Peasants worked & lived there, owning nothing • Considered a failure after crop famines killed 20 million people • China and USSR begin to compete to lead the worldwide Communist Movement by the late 1950s

14. The Cultural Revolution • Led by the Red Guards, militias of Communist supporters • Goal: to establish a society of peasants & workers in which all were equal • Anything artistic & intellectual considered useless • Shut down colleges and schools • Intellectuals had to “purify” themselves by doing hard labor • Thousands executed & imprisoned • Chaos threatened the farm production & industry • Communist National Army was told to suppress the Red Guards & end the revolution