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Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction. Chapter 5.2. Asexual Reproduction. Main points Only one parent is required Asexually produced offspring, or clones, have identical genetic information to each other and the parent Reproduce quickly and in large numbers. 5.2 Asexual Reproduction.

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Asexual Reproduction

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  1. Asexual Reproduction Chapter 5.2

  2. Asexual Reproduction • Main points • Only one parent is required • Asexually produced offspring, or clones, have identical genetic information to each other and the parent • Reproduce quickly and in large numbers

  3. 5.2 Asexual Reproduction • Reminder, most (~95%) of the time the cell is in interphase (doing its job, growing, surviving, etc.) • Reminder, when the cell gets too big (If its volume outgrows its surface area), it must divide/reproduce

  4. 5.2 Asexual Reproduction • is how the cells of multi-cellular organisms (like your body cells) reproduce and multiply • is a common method of reproduction among single-celled organisms, such as the paramecium • clone– offspring isan identical genetic copy of its parent • E.g. used in agriculture and research to copy desired organisms, tissues and genes

  5. Types of Asexual Reproduction • Binary fission • Budding • Fragmentation • Vegetative reproduction • Spore formation

  6. Binary fission – a single cell (unicellular) splits into identical copies (Ex. Bacteria) Video

  7. Budding • can occur in unicellular or multi-cellular organisms. Buds develop into a new organism (Ex. Hydra)

  8. Fragmentation • Part of an organism breaks off due to injury • The part grows into a clone of the parent Example: Starfish, milfoil

  9. Vegetative reproduction • special cells in plants that develop into structures that form new plants identical to the parent (Ex. Spider plants, grafting fruit trees, runners and rhizomes, tubers and bulbs)

  10. Spore formation • some bacteria, micro-organisms and fungi can form spores - single cells that can grow into a whole new organism • (ex. Penicillium)

  11. Asexual Reproduction See page 175

  12. Human Assisted Cloning • Two types: reproductive and therapeutic cloning • Reproductive cloning - purpose is to produce a genetic duplicate of an existing or dead organism. Steps involved (adult DNA cloning) : • Remove nucleus from an egg cell • A mammary gland cell is removed from an adult female • Electricity fuses mammary and egg cell • Fused cell begins dividing • Dividing embryo is inserted into surrogate mother See pages 176 - 177

  13. Reproductive Cloning

  14. Cloning - debate Therapeutic cloning • purpose is to correct health problems • Stem cells • cells that can become different types of cells • can be used to replace cellsdamaged from injuries or disease • Diabetes, spinal injuries, Parkinson’sdisease are only a few that canbenefit from stem cell therapy • Controversial because the beststem cells are from embryos whichare destroyed when harvesting cells See pages 177 - 178

  15. Therapeutic Cloning

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