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Renaissance

Renaissance. Period of rebirth in Europe that originated in Italy and eventually spread to Northern kingdoms. The years from 1330 to 1530 were marked by humanism and secularism. Pg 338. Humanism. Pg 349. Revival of the classics Use of old Latin and learning

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Renaissance

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  1. Renaissance Period of rebirth in Europe that originated in Italy and eventually spread to Northern kingdoms. The years from 1330 to 1530 were marked by humanism and secularism. Pg 338

  2. Humanism Pg 349 • Revival of the classics • Use of old Latin and learning Aristotle, Ptolemy, Galen, et cetera Types of Humanism: Humanism, Civic Humanism, Northern/Christian Humanism

  3. Key Humanists Italian • Petrarch (pg 349) • Bruni (pg 351) • Valla (pg 352) • Facino (pg 352) • Mirandola (pg 352) • Machiavelli (pg 348) Northern • Erasmus (pg 374) • More (pg 375)

  4. Secularism Pg 349 Secularism “How beautiful is youth How fast it flies away Youths and maids-enjoy today Of tomorrow, nothing is certain” Lorenzo de’ Medici

  5. I. Renaissance: General • Renaissance • Cultural Rebirth • Classical texts rediscovered and emulated (Humanism) • Began in Italy • Northern Renaissance followed

  6. B. High Renaissance in Italy • 1450-1530* • Rome was center of artistic innovation • Popes commissioned paintings, sculptures, and architecture

  7. C. End of Renaissance in Italy • Internal political turmoil in Italian city-states (pg 344-346) • Italy ravaged by foreign invaders beginning in 1494 (pg 346-347) • French then Spanish domination • By 1530, city-states unable to support artistic glories

  8. Also… • Exploration and colonization Began • Ended Mediterranean’s role of European prosperity • Spain emerged as the most powerful

  9. D. Northern Renaissance • Artistic, humanist, and secular renaissance attributes spread North to France, Spain, and England • Elizabethan Age (1558-1603) in England marked the end of the Northern Renaissance

  10. II. Renaissance: Economic • Black Death • Hanseatic League (pg 339) • Italian Recovery • Location: Mediterranean Sea • Helped • Turks a problem

  11. Industries • Wool • Trade in luxuries: silk, glassware, gems • Printing, metallurgy, mining • Florence: Center of Ren. until late 1400’s (pg 345) • Wool Trade • Medici Bankers • Medici declined in late 1400’s • Rome will take Florence’s place as leader

  12. Internal warfare and outside involvement in late 1400’s led to decline of wealth and opportunity • Opening of the Atlantic in the late 1400’s and early 1500’s reduced Mediterranean Sea as center of the economic ‘trade’ world • Economic drain meant artistic glories could no longer be supported

  13. III. Renaissance: Social • Social Classes (pg 341) • Fundamental Structure (France): • 1st Estate (Clergy) • 2nd Estate (Nobility) • 3rd Estate (Commoner) • Italy experienced some ‘adaptations’

  14. Popolo Grasso “The Fat People” Mediocri “The Middling Sort” Popolo Minuto “The Little People”

  15. Ritualized Etiquette Distinguished the diverse levels of society iIllustrissima “Nothing in the world pleases me more than your commands”

  16. Characteristics of Nobility changed: • Education important • Certain skills and qualities expected • The Courtier by Castiglione • Virtú • Social Mobility among 3rd Estate • Money economy allowed some social movement (guild ‘hierarchy’) • Serfs largely free in West Europe/Italy • ‘Patricians’ (capitalistic enterprises) consolidate wealth

  17. Slavery (pg 342) • Serfs freed: want free labor… • Ethnicity of slaves varied • Practice grew unpopular in time • Dark-skinned Africans were a curiosity, so many were kept as slaves well after humanitarian movements outlawed the practice

  18. Renaissance family and the role of Women (pg 342-344) • Women did not enjoy a ‘Renaissance’ • Arranged marriages for economic and political gain meant men sought ‘pleasure’ outside the home • Prostitution/courtesans a necessary vice • Women regulated to home-life and prayer • On Family by Alberti

  19. Exception to the Rule: Some women managed to find power/influence (pg 346) Battista Sforza Isabella d’Este (probably the most famous) To some degree, high dollar courtesans may be somewhat educated

  20. IV. Renaissance: Politics (Pgs 344-348) • Constitutional Oligarchies • Hereditary Despots • Special Committees • Military Ethos • Papal States

  21. Van Eyck

  22. Mystic Adoration of the Lamb Ghent Altar Piece Van Eyck

  23. Botticelli: Birth of Venus

  24. Van Eyck Arnolfini Wedding

  25. Michelangelo’s David

  26. Bottecelli

  27. Leonardo daVinci

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