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FARMING SYSTEMS

FARMING SYSTEMS. IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD. THE TERM. FARMING SYSTEMS refers to an ordered combination of crops grown, livestock produced, husbandry methods and cultural practices followed. CLASSIFICATION. TREE CROPS

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FARMING SYSTEMS

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  1. FARMING SYSTEMS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD

  2. THE TERM • FARMING SYSTEMSrefers to an ordered combination of crops grown, livestock produced, husbandry methods and cultural practices followed.

  3. CLASSIFICATION • TREE CROPS • fruit, nuts, beverage crop, rubber, pharmaceuticals, oil, lumber, paper, sweeteners, ornamentals, fuel, etc.

  4. CLASSIFICATION(continued) • TILLAGE CROPS • cereal grains, oilseeds, vegetable crops, sugar crops, fiber crops, small fruits, coarse grains, etc.

  5. CLASSIFICATION(continued) • ALTERNATING TILLAGE CROPS • hay crops, silage, green chop, “fodder”, etc. (i.e. sorghums, millet, alfalfa, small grains, grass, etc.)

  6. CLASSIFICATION(continued) • GRASSLAND/GRAZING LAND • native range/grass, forbs, sage, shrubs, legumes, etc.

  7. FARMING SYSTEMS • The particularFarming Systemfound in a country or region is the result of a unique combination of factors, many of which are causative or associative in nature (i.e. Bananas and Wheat).

  8. FACTORS/CONDITIONS • Influencing/impacting the development of specific Farming Systems. • Climate, Elevation, Soil, Moisture, Soil stability, Pests, Technological adaptation & feasibility, Economic infrastructure and Social Infrastructure.

  9. FACTORS IMPACTING FARMING SYSTEMS • Climate - temperature & rainfall • Elevation - temperature • Soil - fertility, pH & organic matter • Land (physical) - soil type, texture, depth, permeability & slope. • Moisture - natural rainfall, irrigation, drainage, flood control, etc.

  10. FACTORS IMPACTINGFARMING SYSTEMS(continued) • Soil stability - erosion & salinity • Pests - weeds, insects, diseases & predators. • Technological adaptation andfeasibility - equipment, cultural practices, chemicals, new cultivars, etc.

  11. FACTORS IMPACTING FARMING SYSTEMS (continued) • Economic infrastructure - market access, government regulations, transportation system & processing industry. • Social infrastructure - work ethic, class/caste system, land tenure, education, diet, culture & dissemination of information.

  12. MAJOR FACTORS IMPACTING THE CLASSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS • Climate • Level of Technology • Infrastructure • Production Incentives • Political Constraints • Human Resources

  13. SUB - CLASSIFICATION • Very Extensive - broad, much variation, inter cropping, strip cropping, involving several different different crops or livestock species. • Extensive • Intensive • Very Intensive - double cropping, crop rotation, crop residue management, erosioncontrol.

  14. NATURE & EXTENT OF FARMING SYSTEMS • Subsistence farming - produces only enough food and fiber for individual or family needs. 1) Involves the gathering/collection of food, fuel & building materials, 2) Rarely ventures into situations involving commercial production, 3) Requires little in the way of inputs, marketaccess, monetary exchange, etc.

  15. SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE(continued) • Hunter/Gathers • Nomads/Bedouins • Slash & Burn

  16. NATURE & EXTENT(continued) • Commercial Farming Systems -characterized by the commercial production of agricultural commodities for specific markets and capital intensive.

  17. TYPES OF COMMERCIAL FARMING SYSTEMS • Tropical & sub-tropical plantations • Temperate zone grain production • Vegetable & fruit production • Livestock production • Mixed crop & livestock production

  18. Sustainable Agriculture • Protects soil fertility • Optimizes management & resources • Reduces the use of nonrenewable resources • Promotes opportunities in family farming • Achieves integration of natural biological cycles & controls

  19. COLLECTIVE FARMING SYSTEMS • Agricultural operations in nations with centrally planned economies. • Usually operates under a rigid system of collective or state farms.

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