Efforts in Water Quality Modeling by

1. Efforts in Water Quality Modeling by Institutional Strengthening to support Environmental Management of the Kingston Harbour - Inter American Development Bank • Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Setup for Kingston Harbour • By Smith Warner International • November 2005

2. Kingston Harbour Hydrodynamic Model: EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) • objective to model complex hydrodynamic processes in KH • the 3 dimensional fresh/salt water stratification • the wind induced currents • Boundary conditions used • Tides • Winds • Temperature & atmospheric conditions • salinity • River & Gully flows • Waste Water Treatment Plant flows

3. EFDC - Hydrodynamic Model • Data Used in EFDC model • Tidal data (hourly CPACC Nov. 1998- Oct.1999)

4. EFDC - Hydrodynamic Model • Data Used in EFDC model • Wind data (windspeed and directions – Norman Manley International Airport Nov 1998 – Jan. 1999)

5. EFDC - Hydrodynamic Model • Data Used in EFDC model • River Flow: Rio Cobre WRA 1JAN 1998 -30 April 2005 • Gully Flow data extrapolated

6. EFDC - Hydrodynamic Model • Calibration Data • Cuban Study Tide and Current meter 1993& 1994 • Doreen Williams bi monthly current measurement 1994-1995 • No disaggregated data was available • 2 cell were selected near the location of the Cuban study & 30 day simulation was run. Cuban result match the neap tide result of the model

7. WASP 7 – Water Quality Model • Imported EFDC Hydrodynamics into WASP 7 • Data Used in WASP7 • Sewage Treatment Loads • Greenwich & Western: estimate NWC • Portmore: Population derived estimate • Norman Manley Airport: design capacity • Groundwater loads • Flow based on Groundwater mass balance model – UWA • Nitrate load extrapolated from wells data near the coast • Fresh Water loads • Not included • Model Setup for Simple Eutrophication simulation • The water quality model was compared against the measured chlorophyll a at five different stations • The model predicted reasonable levels of chlorophyll a at two of the five stations. • due to the hydrodynamic conditions and the dispersion coefficient values used, the pollutant loads did not spread throughout the Kingston Harbour

8. Great River Watershed Determination of Pollutant Loadings from Non-Point Sources – update of the 1994 CEP Technical Report • NEPA, Regulations, Standards & Guidelines Branch • the Great River Watershed • December 2005 • Methodology used by Ministry of Environment of Costa Rica by Walter Zavala Ortega • Estimate pollution load in term of • BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) • COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) • TSS (Total Suspended Solids) For Domestic Wastewaters, Sludge from Septic Tanks, Non Point Runoff • Calculation of load using indirect indicators population, #latrine, landuse and coefficient obtained from literature.

9. WASP 7 – Water Quality Model • Imported EFDC Hydrodynamics into WASP 7 • Data Used in WASP7 • Sewage Treatment Loads • Greenwich & Western: estimate NWC • Portmore: Population derived estimate • Norman Manley Airport: design capacity • Groundwater loads • Flow based on Groundwater mass balance model – UWA • Nitrate load extrapolated from wells data near the coast • Fresh Water loads • Not included • Model Setup for Simple Eutrophication simulation • The water quality model was compared against the measured chlorophyll a at five different stations throughout the harbour. • The model predicted reasonable levels of chlorophyll a at two of the five stations. • due to the hydrodynamic conditions and the dispersion coefficient values used, the pollutant loads did not spread throughout the Kingston Harbour.