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The States of Matter

The States of Matter. And the UNIT Essential Question is…. How does matter respond to its environment?. Today’s Essential Question. What are the phases of matter?. A. Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). C. liquid. B. solid. D. gas. E. plasma.

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The States of Matter

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  1. The States of Matter

  2. And the UNIT Essential Question is… How does matter respond to its environment?

  3. Today’s Essential Question What are the phases of matter?

  4. A.Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) C.liquid B.solid D.gas E.plasma I.The 5 phases of matter Essential question:What are the phases of matter?

  5. What causes matter to behave in a certain way? At room temperature; why is Copper a solid, Mercury a liquid, and Helium a gas?

  6. II. The Kinetic Theory of Matter A. Moving particles have energy, kinetic energy B. All particles of matter are in constant motion C. Kinetic energy is measured with a thermometer D. The behavior of matter is affected by the amount of kinetic energy Essential question:What causes matter to behave a certain way?

  7. What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

  8. III. The Common States of Matter A. Solids 1. Have a definite shape and volume 2. Particles are packed very close together and have order 3. Particles are fixed but can vibrate Like you guys right now in your seats! Essential question:What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

  9. B. Liquids 1. Particles are close together but they are free to move around 2. They have no definite shape 3. They have a set volume due to the attraction among particles Like you guys in the hallways! Essential question:What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

  10. C. Gases 1. They have no definite shape or volume 2. Energy is too high for particle attraction 3. Particles are far apart and move rapidly Like you guys, June 7th at 10:38! Essential question:What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

  11. D. Plasma 1. Particles are ionized and glow 2. Is the most common phase of matter in the universe * 99% of observable matter in the universe 3. Examples: Essential question:What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

  12. low high high low slow fast low high high low

  13. What are the 5 phases of matter? All particles of matter are in _________ motion. Which phase of matter has no definite shape or volume? Which phase of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape? Which phase of matter is like you guys at a pep rally? Which phase of matter is the most abundant in the universe? CYN (Check your notes)

  14. Definite Volume Definite Shape Variable Volume Variable Shape SolidLiquidGas Fill in the Venn Diagram below Def. Shape Def. Volume Var. Shape Var. Volume

  15. Focus: The Gas phase How do gasses react to changes in their environment ?

  16. IV. The Behavior of Gases A. Pressure 1. Particles colliding onto a surface causes pressure 2. Pressure is affected by three factors a. Temperature- raising the temperature increases the speed of the molecules. This increases the pressure of the gas. Click to Try me Essential question:How do gases react to changes to their environment?

  17. b. Volume- reducing the volume of a gas increases the pressure Notice how the particles collide more as the volume decreases.

  18. c. Number of particles- the more particles there are, the more collisions occur causing more pressure

  19. These are held constant B. Boyle’s Law 1. As the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas increases 2. Volume and pressure will have an inverse relationship P1 V1 = P2 V2

  20. These are held constant V1 T1 V2 T2 = C. Charles’s Law 1. As the temperature of a gas increases, so will the volume if pressure is held constant 2. Temperature and volume will have a direct relationship

  21. P1 V1 T1 P2 V2 T2 = D. Combined Gas Law

  22. Pressure Temperature Volume Charles’ LawBoyle’s Law Combined Gas Law Fill in the Venn Diagram below x Temperature Pressure Volume

  23. Index Card Pressure Tool P T V

  24. 1. With constant Temperature, what happens to the pressure when the volume increases? 2. With constant Volume, what happens to the pressure when the temperature increases? 3. With constant Pressure, what happens to the temperature when the volume increases? Now try it, and answer the following questions.

  25. Example Problem: A gas has a volume of 3.2L, at a pressure of 120.0KPa. What happens to the volume when the pressure is increased to 150.0KPa? The temperature doesn’t change. P1 = 120 KPa V1 = 3.2L P2 = 150 KPa V2 = ? P1 V1 = P2V2 (Boyle’s Law) P1 V1 = V2 = 120.0 x 3.2 P2150.0 2.6 L = V2

  26. Complete the following gas problems: • A gas has a volume of 5.0L, at a pressure of 50KPa. What happens to the volume when the pressure is increased to 125KPa? The temperature doesn’t change. • 2. Gas stored in a tank at 273K (0oC), has a pressure of 388 KPa. The safe limit for the pressure is 825 KPa. At what temperature will the gas reach this pressure? • 3. At 10 oC, the gas in a cylinder has a volume of 0.250 L. The gas is allowed to expand to 0.285 L. What must the final temperature be for the pressure to remain constant? • (You must convert 10 oC to K using the conversion, oC + 273 = K)

  27. V.Phase Changes A. During a phase change energy is either added or taken away. 1. Energy released - exothermic 2.Energy added - endothermic B. Temperature does not change during a phase change. C. How substances behave are displayed on a phase diagram.

  28. THE PHASE DIAGRAM

  29. Freezing Point Lab Facts Paradichlorobenzene - 53.1 degrees Celsius Naphthalene – 79.5 degrees Celsius

  30. Two Cooling Curves naphthalene paradichlorobenzene

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