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The States of Matter

The States of Matter. Basic States. On Earth, matter exists in 3 basic states: Solid Liquid Gas. Solids, Liquids and Gases. What is going with the motion of the particles in matter?. Let’s find out!. Solids. Solids vibrate in place Solids are closely packed together Solids have a

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The States of Matter

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  1. The States of Matter

  2. Basic States • On Earth, matter exists in 3 basic states: • Solid • Liquid • Gas

  3. Solids, Liquids and Gases What is going with the motion of the particles in matter? Let’s find out!

  4. Solids • Solids vibrate in place • Solids are closely packed together • Solids have a definite shape • Solids have a definite volume

  5. Liquids • Liquids roll around • Liquids are still close together, but loosely arranged • Liquids have an indefinite shape – they change shape to take the shape of their container • Liquids have a definite volume

  6. Gases • Gas particles move randomly • Gases are not close together • Gases have an indefinite shape – actually, no shape at all • Gases have an indefinite volume – they will fill whatever the container they are in

  7. Can You Explain? • Look at each diagram. Explain why: • The solid is not in a container • The liquid is in a container • The gas is in a closed container

  8. Quick Review • What is matter? • Matter is stuff! (anything that has mass and takes up space) • What is stuff? • If you could look at matter at a microscopic level, you would see itty bitty pieces, or particles. • These are the particles (or stuff) matter is made of • How these particles are arranged determines the state of matter – solid, liquid or gas

  9. Kinetic Theory • In science, this is know as the … • All matter is made of particles • These particles are in constant motion • Changing the temperature affects the motion of the particles.

  10. Solid to Liquid • The particles in a liquid have more energy than the particles in a solid • What can you do to increase the energy or motion of the particles in a solid to change it into a liquid? • Add heat • What is this process called?

  11. Liquid to Gas • The particles in a gas have more energy than the particles in a liquid • What can you do to increase the energy or motion of the particles in a liquid to change it into a gas? • Add heat • What is this process called?

  12. Gas to a Liquid • How can we reverse the process? • Take away heat • What is this process called?

  13. Liquid to Solid • How can we reverse this process? • Take away heat • What is this process called?

  14. Sum it Up! • Increasing temperature causes particles to SPEED UP • Decreasing temperature causes particles to SLOW DOWN

  15. Important!!! • Changing the amount of heat energy usually causes a phase change • However, DURING the phase change, the temperature stays the same even though the heat energy changes. • Why????? • This energy is going into changing the phase and not into raising the temperature. That's why water doesn't get hotter as it is boiling. The temperature remains constant until the phase change is complete.

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