Exploration of Poetry

1. Exploration of Poetry AP Poetry Unit

2. Aspects of Poetry • Voice • Tone • Diction • Syntax • Imagery • Figures of Speech • Sound effects • Rhythm

3. TPCASTT • Title • Paraphrase • Connotation/Diction • Attitude/Tone • Syntax • Theme • Title again

4. Figures of Speech in poetry • Language is either literal or figurative. Figurative language is when we mean something other than the actual meaning. • Rhetoricians have 250 different figures of speech.

5. Figures of Speech • Metaphor – makes a direct comparison of unlike objects by identification or substitution • Simile – a direct comparison of two unlike objects using like or as – established comparison explicitly where the metaphor is implied. • Conceit – an extended metaphor comparing two unlike objects with powerful effect

6. Figures of Speech • Personification – endowing inanimate objects or abstract concepts with animate characteristics or qualities • Apostrophe – an address to a person or personified object not present • Extended figure – a fos (metaphor, simile, personification, apostrophe) sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem

7. Figures of Speech • Metonymy – the substitution of a word that relates to the object or person to be named, in place of the name itself. Substituting an attribute of a thing for the thing itself • Synecdoche – using a part to signify the whole, a part represents the whole object or idea

8. Figures of Speech • Hyperbole – gross exaggeration for effect • Litotes – a form of understatement in which the negative of an antonym is used to achieve emphasis and intensity

9. Figures of Speech - Irony • Irony – contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning • Verbal irony – meaning one thing and saying another • Dramatic irony – two levels of meaning what the speaker says and what he means. What the speaker says and what the author means • Situational irony – when the reality of the situation differs from the anticipated or intended effect; when something unexpected occurs.

10. FOS - Symbolism • Symbolism – object or action that means more than itself – beyond itself. Use of one subject to suggest another hidden object or idea. Meaning of a symbol whether an object, action, gesture is controlled by its context.

11. How to tell a symbol????? • Is the object, action, gesture, or event important to the poem? Is it described in detail? Does it occur repeatedly? Does it appear at a climatic moment? • Does the poem seem to warrant our granting its details more significance than their immediate literal meaning • Does the symbolic reading make sense? Does it account for literal details without ignoring or distorting them?

12. Figures of Speech • Imagery – the use of words to represent things, actions, or ideas by sensory description • Paradox – a statement that appears self – contradictory, but that underlines a basis of truth • Oxymoron – contradictory terms brought together to express a paradox for strong effect

13. Lastly • Allusion - -a reference to an outside fact, event, or other source • Allegory – a narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one