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General Anatomical Structures in Your Dog

General Anatomical Structures in Your Dog. Arranged as Sensory structures Vital organs Skeletal structures Each organized by Anatomy Physiology Healthcare Diseases. Models provided by Banfield photographs and descriptions provided by http://peer.tamu.edu

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General Anatomical Structures in Your Dog

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  1. General Anatomical Structures in Your Dog Arranged as Sensory structures Vital organs Skeletal structures Each organized by Anatomy Physiology Healthcare Diseases Models provided by Banfield photographs and descriptions provided by http://peer.tamu.edu College of Veterinary Medicine Texas A & M University NCRR GK12

  2. EAR Anatomy Pinna (flap) Vertical Canal Temporalis Muscle Ear Drum Auricular Cartilage Horizontal Canal Ossicles Middle Ear Cavity Tympanic Bulla

  3. EAR Anatomy

  4. EAR • Thousands of tiny hairs inside your pet’s ear vibrate when sound is present. This allows for the sense of hearing. Physiology

  5. Sound causes the tympanic membrane in the external ear canal to move inward and outward. This causes the tiny bones in the middle ear to vibrate. Movement of the oval window generates pressure waves in the inner ear. This causes microscopic hairs on hair cells in the inner ear to bend. This ultimately results in the auditory nerve sending signals to the brain and thus, sound is perceived. Physiology

  6. Ears must be kept clean to prevent opportunistic diseases and hearing loss. EAR Healthcare

  7. Ear mites and yeast infections are common in our four-legged friends. EAR Diseases

  8. EYE Anatomy Ciliary body Iris Occular Muscle Cornea Retina Lens Optic Disk Pupil Anterior Chamber Vitreous Body Blood Vessels

  9. EYE Anatomy Occular Muscles

  10. The cornea and lens focus light on the retina. The rods and cones in the retina respond to this light and ultimately signal the ganglion cells to send information via the optic nerve to visual centers in the brain. Physiology

  11. EYE • Keep your pet’s eyes clean to prevent infections. • Trim the hair around your pet’s eyes. • Make sure the corners of your pet’s eyes are mucus-free. • Apply protective ophthalmic ointment before applying insecticides or bathing. Healthcare

  12. EYE • Cataracts occur when the lens loses opacity. Light no longer is transmitted to the retina correctly. This leads to vision loss. Diseases

  13. HAIR Anatomy Hair Shaft Epidermis Sebaceous Gland Sarcoptes Mite Flea Demodex Mite Hair Follicle Apocrine Sweat Gland Nerve

  14. HAIR Anatomy

  15. HAIR • Hair functions as a protective layer, a warming layer and sometimes (like whiskers) hair is used to feel touch. Physiology

  16. HAIR • Your pet’s hair must be kept clean just like yours. Tangles or mats in your animal’s hair can lead to infection of the skin below. Healthcare

  17. HAIR • Demodex mites cause a condition called mange as they eat your hair at the base. Diseases

  18. NAIL Anatomy Outer Nail Quick (Blood vessel & nerve) Bone

  19. NAIL Anatomy

  20. NAIL • Nails are used for gripping, hunting and fighting. Physiology

  21. NAIL • All pets, especially those who stay indoors should have their nails clipped regularly. Healthcare

  22. NAIL • Nail cracking is common injury to your pet’s nails, and it often occurs when your pet’s nails get too long. Cracked nailed are painful and can lead to infection. Diseases

  23. TEETH Anatomy Loss of Enamel Crown Pulp Cavity Root Dentinal Wall Periodontal Disease Neck Root Furcation Root Apex Nerve Root Inflammation Periodontal Space Alveolar Bone (jaw) Bone Loss

  24. TEETH Anatomy

  25. TEETH • Teeth break down food into digestible pieces. Physiology

  26. Your pet’s teeth must be kept clean (just like yours) to prevent disease. TEETH Healthcare

  27. Periodontal disease is an infection around the teeth which can cause your animal’s teeth to fall out. TEETH Diseases

  28. HEART Anatomy Aorta Pulmonery Artery Right Atrium Left Atrium Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Heartworms Interventricular Septum

  29. HEART Anatomy

  30. The heart is the most important muscle in the body. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. This oxygenated blood then returns to the heart and is then pumped by the left ventricle pumps to the rest of the body. Physiology

  31. HEART • To maintain a healthy heart your pet (as well as you) must get plenty of exercise. Healthcare

  32. HEART • Heartworms come from mosquitoes and they invade the heart and can lead to heart failuire. Diseases

  33. KIDNEY Anatomy Renal Vein Renal Artery Ureter Renal Pelvis Capsule Cortex Diseased Tissue Medulla Calix Healthy Tissue

  34. KIDNEY Anatomy

  35. The kidney is one of the most important organs in the body. Besides eliminating waste products from the body, the kidneys regulate water balance, the composition of blood, blood pressure and blood volume. Physiology

  36. Be sure your pet is drinking plenty of water and staying away from toxic chemicals. KIDNEY Healthcare

  37. Kidney stones can occur when there is too much minerals in your pet’s diet. KIDNEY Diseases

  38. HIPS Anatomy Acetabulum Rim Femoral Neck Greater Trochanter Femoral Head Femur Dysplasia/Arthritis

  39. HIPS Anatomy

  40. HIPS Anatomy

  41. HIPS • The hip is a ball and socket joint which aids in leg movement. Physiology

  42. The hip is a ball and socket joint which aids in leg movement. Bones serve as a point of attachment for muscles and thus provide animals with the ability to move. In addition, bones serve as a storehouse for calcium and a site for producing red blood cells. Calcium is essential for muscles and nerves to function properly. Red blood cells are required for transporting oxygen. Physiology

  43. HIPS • To decrease your pet’s risk of developing arthritis: • Make sure your pet is eating a well-balanced diet • Do not allow your pet to become overweight • Keep your pet warm • Keep your pet from injury • Make sure your pet gets plenty of exercise Healthcare

  44. Arthritis occurs commonly in dogs and horses. Bone rubbing against bone leads to massive inflammation. HIPS Diseases

  45. KNEE Anatomy Patella Cranial Cruciate Ligament Femur Medial Meniscus Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus Lateral Collateral Ligament Patellar Ligament Fibula Tibia

  46. KNEE Anatomy

  47. KNEE Anatomy

  48. KNEE Anatomy

  49. The knee is a high-motion high-stress joint in an animal’s leg. Joints provide a means for bending of extremities and also serve as a means to cushion the forces between bones. Physiology

  50. KNEE • Make sure your pet gets daily exercise and maintains a healthy weight to prevent damage to the knee joint. Strengthening and stretching muscles around the knee joint will also help prevent injury. Healthcare

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