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Multimedia

Discover the history, representation, and navigation aids in hypertext, alongside examples of applications. Uncover the evolution from Memex to the World Wide Web, and delve into the concept of hypermedia with nodes, edges, and various link types.

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Multimedia

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  1. Multimedia Hypertext and Hypermedia T.Sharon-A.Frank

  2. Hypertext Issues • Hypertext History • Hypertext Representation • Application Example (Nielsen) • Hypertext Navigation Aids T.Sharon-A.Frank

  3. Normal Text vs. Hypertext T.Sharon-A.Frank

  4. Hypertext • Text augmented with links: • Link: pointer to another piece of text in same or different document. • Navigational metaphor • User follows a link from its source to itsdestination, usually by clicking on source withthe mouse. • Use browser to view and navigate hypertext. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  5. Glimpse into Hypertext History • Memex – Vannevar Bush, 1945 • Concept of linked documents; photo-mechanical realization never implemented. • Xanadu – Ted Nelson, late 1960s onwards • Hypertext defined; intended as global system but no real popular implementation. • Hypercard – Apple, 1987 • Shipped with every Mac; popularized concept. • World Wide Web – 1993

  6. MEMEX • MEMEX – MEMory EXtender by Vannevar Bush • Developed 1932 • Publication 1945 • Great Insights • Never implemented T.Sharon-A.Frank

  7. Envisioned Memex T.Sharon-A.Frank

  8. Linearity vs. Non-linearity T.Sharon-A.Frank

  9. Hypertext View T.Sharon-A.Frank

  10. Non-linearity • Hypertext is not usually read linearly (from start to finish). • Links encourage branching off. • History and back button permit backtracking. • Not an innovation, but the immediacy of following links by clicking creates a different experience from traditional non-linearity (e.g. cross-references in encyclopedia).

  11. Hypermedia T.Sharon-A.Frank

  12. Hypermedia View T.Sharon-A.Frank

  13. A Web site is Hypermedia T.Sharon-A.Frank

  14. Nodes – Information Units Edges – Links to other Information Units Hypertext/media structure is a graph Source Destination Navigation: traversing through the graph T.Sharon-A.Frank

  15. Graph is Media Independent • Text • Graphics • Still Images • Audio • Animation • Motion Video ABC T.Sharon-A.Frank

  16. Various destination anchors T.Sharon-A.Frank

  17. Types of Links • Simple unidirectional links: • Connect single point on one page with a point on another page (e.g. Web). • Extended links: • Regional links (ends may be regions within a page). • Bidirectional links (may be followed in both directions). • Multi links (may have more than two ends).

  18. Hypertext Abstract Machine (HAM) [Campbell & Goodman, 1988] Presentation Level Hypertext Abstract Machine (HAM) Level Host File Systems Level T.Sharon-A.Frank

  19. Dexter Model (88-90) T.Sharon-A.Frank

  20. Flag Model (HT’96) T.Sharon-A.Frank

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