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Don’t Forget!. AP Book Talk Dec. 8 and 9 -- you must summarize the book, answer questions and ask questions. Seminar topics must relate to U.S. History prior to 1900 . This will be a food day!. The Civil War, 1861-1865. Then, what happened? Movement West ward
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Don’t Forget! AP Book Talk Dec. 8 and 9--you must summarize the book, answer questions and ask questions. Seminar topics must relate to U.S. History prior to 1900. This will be a food day!
The Civil War, 1861-1865 Then, what happened? • Movement Westward • The Gilded Age and Growth of Industrialized Northern Cities • Reconstruction of the South
Post Civil War Reconstruction 1865-1877 Began before the end of the war with the occupation of Northern troops in defeated Southern states
Test Essay • Reconstruction was a paradox of successes and failures. Comment with specific examples. (AP might ask it this way: To what extent did Reconstruction illustrate a juxtaposition of success and failure?)
Reconstruction • Program implemented by the federal government between 1865 and 1877 to repair the damage to the South caused by the Civil War and to restore the southern states to the Union. • Consider that American forces have been in Iraq and Afghanistan for Reconstruction just as American forces occupied Germany and Japan after WWII and still occupy South Korea.
Former Secretary of State Colin Powell stated that the rebuilding of Iraq is like shopping in Pottery Barn: “You break it; you buy it.” • “The winner cleans up.” (Calabrese house rule)
Reconstruction Terms • Reconstruction • Freedmen • Radical Republicans • Oath of Allegiance • Freedmen’s Bureau • Carpetbaggers • Scalawags • Impeachment* • Suffrage* • Black codes • Pardon • Infrastructure* • Sharecropping* • Tenant farming • Ku Klux Klan* • 13th Amendment* • 14th Amendment* • 15th Amendment* • Jim Crow* • Solid South* • Martial law* • Segregation* • De jure • De facto
Confiscation Act of 1861 • Allowed Northern army to take Southern property if used in the rebellion • Justified the freeing of slaves before the Emancipation Proclamation and the creation of “Contraband” armies of former slaves or freedman. • Justified the occupation of homes and taking of property
Reconstruction—see film clip • Look for positive aspects of postwar Civil War Reconstruction • Simulation to follow… • Look for negative aspects of postwar Reconstruction
Point of Views in Reconstruction • Northern army • Northern politician • Southern army • Southern politician • Southern unionist • Southern secessionist • Freedman—former slave • Free Northern African American • Northern press • Southern press • Former slave owner • White southern small farmer who never had slaves • Southern women
The Political Extremes --------------------------------------------------------- Far Left Moderates Far Right Radicals Reactionaries Lincoln Radical KKK Republicans
Lincoln’s Vision “With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan—to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.” (From Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865)
Are You Easily Discouraged? • Business failed 1831 • Defeated for legislature, 1832 • 2nd business failed, 1834 • Sweetheart died, 1835 • Nervous breakdown,1836 • Defeated in local election • Defeated for election to Congress, 1843 • Defeated again, 1846 • Defeated again, 1848 • Defeated in election to Senate, 1855 • Defeated in Election as Vice-president, 1856 • Defeated in election to Senate, 1858 • Experienced death of two sons before they reached adulthood • Finally elected president in 1860 by half of country and other half seceded to form its own country in a bloody rebellion lasting four years
The Death of the President • Background on Abe and Mary • Mary’s bad press vs. hospital work • Ford’s Theater • Our American Cousin • Booth background • Prior attempts and boarding house plans • April 14, 1865 • “Sic SemperTyrannus” • Dr. Samuel Mudd • Mary Surratt • “Now he belongs to the ages.” • Mrs. Lincoln and son
Mary Todd Lincoln “Does this dress make me look fat?”
Weird Coincidences • Lincoln’s depression—death of sons & marriage • Lincoln’s son and Wilkes’ brother • Lincoln’s dream • His secretary • Mary’s interests in occult • Conspiracy theories • Funeral and burial • Connections to Kennedy assassination
Books • Assassination Vacation by Sarah Vowell • Team of Rivals by Doris Kearns Goodwin • The Lincoln Conspiracy by Balsiger and Sellier • Booth’s Daughter
Types of Reconstruction • Southern Political • Presidential—Johnson’s efforts to fulfill Lincoln’s vision • Congressional—dominated by Radical Republicans
Views of Reconstruction • Lincoln had a moderate view • Johnson tried to fulfill Lincoln’s moderate view but was distrusted by Northerners, Southerners, Democrats and Republicans • The Radical Republicans had a radical view • The Southern Democrats had a conservative/reactionary view • Most of the country just wanted to clean up the South and get the military out asap
Radical Republicans Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner
Southern Legislation Before Civil War: Slave Codes Soon After Civil War: Black Codes Movements restricted Assembly restricted Education restricted Jobs restricted Housing restricted Laws restricted Religious worship restricted Citizenship denied Voting denied • Movements restricted • Assembly restricted • Education restricted • Jobs restricted • Housing restricted • Laws restricted • Religious worship restricted • Citizenship denied • Voting denied
