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The Industrial Revolution and Women in Western Europe

Explore how the Industrial Revolution shaped the lives of women across different classes in Western Europe. From the working to upper class, understand the evolution of women's roles and expectations. Delve into the impact of industrialization on women's lives and the emergence of the Cult of Domesticity. Reflect on the changing ideals of womanhood and compare historical perceptions with modern views.

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The Industrial Revolution and Women in Western Europe

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  1. The Industrial Revolution and Women in Western Europe How did life compare for women of the: - Working class? - Middle class? - Upper class? - Peasantry? Adapted from Nina Wohl, Bronx High School of Science

  2. Questions to consider: • What is the role of women in society? • How do women fulfill themselves? • What is the ideal role for women?

  3. I. Background: The French Revolution • Women demanded political rights • Any rights achieved were revoked with the Napoleonic Code

  4. Romanticism: art form that developed to contrast w/ harshness of Indus. Rev., very emotional Liberty Leading People (1830), by Delacroix

  5. Realism: art form that rejected Romanticism & dealt w/problems of Indus. Rev. head on

  6. How did the Industrial Revolution change women’s lives?

  7. Industrial Revolution – Women hauling coal

  8. II. Impact of Industrialization A. Early phase - 1. Working class women: jobs in factories & mines AND caring for home & families 2. Middle class women assisted husbands in new factories & stores, had servant help at home

  9. II. Impact of Industrialization • Later phases - 1. Continuity for working class women 2. Middle class women discouraged from working after marriage, focus on the home

  10. How did life change for women who were peasants during the Industrial Revolution?

  11. How did life change for women of the upper class during the Industrial Revolution?

  12. Tea (1872), by James Tissot

  13. Madame Georges Charpentier & Her Children (1878) by Pierre-Auguste Renoir

  14. III. The Cult of Domesticity (separate spheres for men & women) • Women’s role centered on: child care, housekeeping, supervising servants & providing husbands w/ quiet home where they could escape pressures of business & politics

  15. Mother Feeding Child (1898) by Mary Cassatt

  16. The Princessby Alfred Lord Tennyson Man for the field and woman for the hearth: Man for the sword and for the needle she: Man with the head and woman with the heart: Man to command and woman to obey: All else is confusion.

  17. Men seen as rational, decisive, practical • Women seen as loving, nurturing, morally pure, emotional How much has changed since then?

  18. The Modern Women

  19. The Ideal Woman???? Scarlett Johannssen

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