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Body Systems

Discover the intricate workings of the body systems - skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, integumentary, nervous, excretory, reproductive, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive - and their functions in maintaining balance and homeostasis. Learn how each system interacts, from feedback loops to structure and function, demonstrating the body's division of labor and interdependence. Understand the significance of enzymes, gas exchange, digestion, and homeostasis in regulating internal processes. Unravel the complexity of the human body and its mechanisms through this comprehensive exploration.

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Body Systems

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  1. Body Systems How is your body like a machine?

  2. Let’s think back…. • Why do all the body systems work together?

  3. To maintain homeostasis!

  4. SKELETAL SYSTEM • What are the functions? -produces red and white blood cells -movement -structural support -provide minerals • What other systems are involved? -muscular -immune

  5. MUSCULAR SYSTEM • What are the functions? • What other systems does it involve? -movement (body parts, digestion, circulation) -Skeletal -Nervous -Digestive -Circulatory

  6. Muscle Types SKELETAL SMOOTH CARDIAC

  7. How do you bend your elbow? To what are muscles attached? • The bicep muscle contracts, causing the elbow to bend. • The tricep muscle contracts, causing the elbow to straighten. This works similar to what simple machine?

  8. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM • What are the functions? • protect body from disease • contains white blood cells, antibodies and lymph

  9. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Protection/Barrier Immune Protect Against Dehydration Excretory Cutaneous Sensation Nervous Regulate Body Temp Excretory Excrete Sweat, Gases Excretory

  10. Integumentary

  11. How does skin vary in different organisms?

  12. NERVOUS SYSTEM • Respond to internal and external stimuli • What are the functions? • How does the nervous system work? • What other systems are involved? • all

  13. The Brain Cerebrum Hypothalamus Cerebellum Medulla oblongata Brain Stem

  14. EXCRETORY • Detoxifies blood • Urea, water, salts, excess glucose, excess protein, CO2 • What are the functions? • What other systems are involved? • Circulatory • Endocrine • Nervous

  15. Excretory Blood Kidney Ureter Urine Bladder Urethra

  16. REPRODUCTIVE • produce gametes • What are the functions? • produce hormones • secondary sex characteristics • What other systems are involved? • Endocrine

  17. Reproductive Ovary Fallopian Tube Uterus Vagina Testes Penis

  18. ENDOCRINE • What are the functions? -produce hormones -deliver chemical messages through the body • What other systems are involved? • nervous • circulatory

  19. Endocrine Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal Pancreas Ovary Testes

  20. CIRCULATORY • transport:-gases-fluids-waste products-nutrients-hormones • What are the functions? • What other systems are involved? • Excretory • Respiratory • Endocrine

  21. Circulatory Capillary Heart Aorta (Artery) Vein

  22. RESPIRATORY • What are the functions? -exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the blood, air and tissues • What other systems are involved? • Circulatory

  23. Where does gas exchange take place? Respiratory Alveoli Trachea Bronchi/Bronchioles Lungs Diaphragm

  24. DIGESTIVE • What are the functions? • to break down food into smaller particles with the help of enzymes so it can be absorbed and used by cells. • What other systems are involved? • Circulatory • Nervous

  25. Digestive Salivary Glands Mouth Esophagus Digestive Stomach Liver Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum

  26. Digestive ENZYMES • What substances help break down the food that you eat? Starch Amylase Monosaccharide Fatty Acids/ Glycerol Bile/Lipase Lipids Proteins Protease Amino Acids

  27. Digestive • Follow the path of food during digestion. • Where is food mechanically digested? Chemically digested?

  28. What do we call the maintenance of an internal environment? Homeostasis

  29. 4 Major Themesin Maintaining Balance • These 4 major themes are interrelated to help your body maintain homeostasis: • Feedback loops • Structure and function • Division of labor • Interdependence of organ systems

  30. Thermostat activates heater Warm air is produced Thermostat shuts off heater Room temperature falls Room temperature rises Feedback Loops Thermostat feedback loop

  31. Feedback Loops • What happens to your body when you run outside in 100o temperature?

  32. stimulus Hormone message sent Blood vessels in skin dilate Sweat glands release more sweat response Body temperature regulates Feedback Loops • This is a stimulus-response Sensors in the brain and skin detect a change in body temperature • How does this happen?

  33. So….What are some of the things that feedback regulates? Feedback systems regulate: Blood sugar (glucose) Salt content in blood Hormone production Blood pressure Ion content in blood Water content in blood Feedback Loops

  34. Structure and Function • How is thestructureof your thumb related to itsfunction?

  35. Structure and Function • TRY THIS! • Put a rubber band around your hand so that the thumb cannot be used. Pick up your textbook and hand it to the student next to you. • Now - pick up a penny without going to the edge of the desk or putting the penny up against something.

  36. What is the function of plant leaves? Why are these leaves shaped differently? Maple leaf Conifer Structure and Function Cactus

  37. Fish – Queen snapper Mammal - dolphin Structure and Function • The dolphin and the fish are unrelated organisms. • Why do they have similar structures?

  38. Division of Labor • How many people does it take to build a building?

  39. Division of Labor • You would need: • Architect • Construction workers • Foreman • Plumbers • Electricians • Painters • Why do you need all of these people?

  40. Division of Labor • Why do you need so many different parts to digest your food?

  41. Division of Labor • Your body systems are divided into different parts. • Each part has its own special function. • This is called a Division of Labor.

  42. All the body systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Interdependence of Body Systems

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