Calvert Memorial Hospital

1. Calvert Memorial Hospital Holly MawritzAE MechanicalSpring ‘05

2. Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Design Proposal Lighting/Electrical Analysis Mechanical Redesign Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

3. General Project Information • Calvert Memorial Hospital • Located in Prince Frederick, Maryland (Calvert County) • Originally Constructed in 1978 • 1982 Patient Tower Addition • 1999 Surgery/PACU Addition Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

4. Project Team • Building Owner: Jim Xinis - President of Calvert Memorial Hospital • Architect: Wilmot/Sanz • CM: Whiting/Turner • Engineers: Structural: Cagley & Associates MEP: Leach Wallace Associates Architects CMH Owner CM Engineers Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

5. Existing Conditions • 185,000 ft2 • Hospital contains 6 Levels: • Ground Floor – Kitchen, cafeteria, & other support type areas • First floor level – ED, operating rooms, radiology department, lab, & administration area. • 2nd – 5th Floor Patient Tower – Patient care areas Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

6. Existing Conditions • Mechanical Systems • Heat pumps – 2nd and 3rd floor patient rooms & entire 4th and 5th floors of the hospital • Other areas on 2nd & 3rd floor: • AHU – 3 (4,000 cfm) • AHU – 4 (11,000 cfm) • Chiller Plant: 630 tons • Boiler Plant: 2 hot water boilers – each @ 5,021 MBH • 2nd- 5th floor patient tower analyzed in this report (38,265 ft2) Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

7. Existing Conditions • Lighting/Electrical • Main distribution: 480Y/277 volt 3 phase, 4 wire configuration • Transformer: 2 pad-mounted, each rated @ 1500 KVA - 480 V power to handle 120 V loads • Patient Room Fixtures: 2”x4”recessed fluorescent troffers with 32W T-8 lamps • 2”x2” recessed indirect/direct fixtures Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

8. Existing Conditions • Structural • Basement level partially below grade & has load-bearing concrete foundation wall • 2nd – 5th floors - concrete beam and steel joist system • Floors – concrete slab on metal decking Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

9. Redesign Goals • Mechanical Goals • Improved Indoor Air Quality of the Hospital • Safer environments for Hospital Patients: Disaster & Infection Control • Energy & cost savings • Lighting/Electrical Goals • Utilize existing systems • Structural Goals • Ensure existing system is adequate for renovations • Holistic Point of View • Safer, more comfortable indoor environments • Economically feasible operations Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

10. Design Proposal • Mechanical • Removal of patient room heat pumps • Redesign building loads • Design VAV system (ducted) • Select appropriate air handling unit • Incorporation of enthalpy wheel • Installation of UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) to patient rooms • Lighting/Electrical • Deliver information on new UVGI Fixtures • Ensure appropriate power is available for new equipment and fixtures • Structural • Examination of 5th floor roof structure Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

11. Mechanical Redesign Removal of Patient Room Heat Pumps New Building Load Analysis New Air Handling Unit & Enthalpy Wheel Overhead VAV Duct Design UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

12. Heat Pump Removal • Heat pumps in poor condition • Located in patient rooms • IAQ – molds & other growth in drip pans • Removal of heat pumps: • Reduce the equipment to be maintained • More flexible system for future modifications Possible microbial growth in drip pan Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

13. New Building Load Analysis • Hourly Analysis Program • Weather data: Baltimore, MD • ASHRAE 90.1-1999 • ASHRAE 62-2001 • Airflows per floor: Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

14. New Air Handling Unit • Based on previously defined new airflows… • Carrier’s Outdoor 39RW size 95 unit (47,265 cfm) • Sized for future modifications & renovations • Located on 5th floor roof • Distribution to each floor shown in diagram Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

15. Enthalpy Wheel • NovelAire ECW 604 model • Cools & dehumidifies OA in the summer • Heat and humidify OA in winter • Wheel Cost = $3,000 • Energy Savings • 147,782,935 BTU Load reduction in one year • 43,300 KWH energy savings • $4,300 saved in operating costs ($0.1/KWH utility rate) Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

16. Overhead VAV Duct Design Design for: • 1 – Patient Comfort: • Noise Criteria: • Supply diffuser – 25 dB • Return diffuser – 30 dB • Avoid Drafting • 2 – Suitable Air Mixing • Diffuser Placement for UVGI Design 3rd, 4th, 5th Floors 2nd Floor Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

17. UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) • Now used in hospitals, clinics, laboratories, & industry • Excellent for indoor air quality & disaster and infection control in buildings • But still…. UVGI systems = very complicated technology • Calculations & programs are used to determine: accurate airflows, kill rates, & fixture installations • Very complex and time consuming • Often show varying results Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

18. UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) • In this design: • Calvert Memorial Hospital will be compared to other buildings (with similar construction characteristics) that use the UVGI systems. • These results will be related to Calvert and used for the determination of the hospital’s design parameters. • Reasons for this course of action: • Similar results from one design to another • Allows more time for exploring the actual system design Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

19. UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) • Airflow examination study: • David R. Linamen’s Infection Control Today article • National Institutes of Health (NIH) by Farhad Memarzadeh, MD, and Andrew Manning, MD. • Studied 40 room configurations & 3 different combinations of lamp intensities and locations • Case 1: 6 ACH with UVGI – 68% reduction in viable TB bacteria in room • Case 2: 16 ACH without UVGI – 30% reduction in viable TB bacteria in the room • Number of viable TB bacteria in a patient room can be significantly reduced by implementing the proper ventilation and UVGI lights • Also proven: first cost and operating costs of UVGI usage are significantly less than the associated cost with increasing room airflow rates. Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

20. UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) • In relation to Calvert Memorial Hospital…. • Case 1: 6 ACH with UVGI - 68% reduction in infectious particles • Case 2: 16 ACH without UVGI - 30% reduction in infectious particles Case 1 Case 2 Case 1: Greater Savings & More Infectious particles reduced Case 1 Case 2 Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

21. UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) • How many harmful contaminants are destroyed by the UV?? • UV intensity + Decay Rate Constants + Proper time allotment = Contaminant Survival Fraction (Want to be 0!!!) • 4 common airborne contaminants: anthrax, strep throat, flu or common cold, and TB UV Intensity Decay Rate Constants Survival of Contaminant Time Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

22. UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) Vs. *Note: Anthrax takes the longest to be totally eliminated. WHY?... Bacillus anthracis rate constant < Mycobacterium Tuberculosis rate constant DECAY RATE EQUATION: S = e-kIt (Negative exponential function) Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

23. UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) • What we just found… • Energy & operating costs savings with reduced airflows and adding UVGI • Within a descent time period, most of the harmful microbes are eliminated • Although results will vary due to: time, location in room, intensity, and k-value • To help with more efficient contaminant extermination, room air movement is key… Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

24. UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) • UVGI Design Layout: • Adequate air movement • Supply & Return diffuser placement • Ceiling Height – 8’ • Corner mounted – 7’ above finished floor • 10’ UV arc spread from one wall to another • Number of fixtures to room • 30W per every 200 ft2 • Room size: 1 or 2 units • UV levels tested – 6’ • DON’T BE AFRAID! UV-C rays least harmful – minor discomforts if long exposure (8 hrs. or more) Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

25. Lighting/Electrical Analysis UVGI Fixtures Chosen Existing Building Electrical Load Analysis Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

26. Lighting/Electrical Analysis • LumalierTM UV Manufacturers • CM-218 Corner mounted fixtures • 2 Philips TUV PL-L18W self-starting, compact lamps • 8000 hour lamp rating • 141 Fixtures @ $450 each = $63,450 Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

27. Lighting/Electrical Analysis • Based on 38,265 ft2 area analyzed: • Total fit-out load: 2 W/ft2+3 W/ft2+1 W/ft2 = 6 W/ft2 • Based on Lighting, receptacles, & communications • Additional demand load: 6 W/ft2 x 38,265 ft2 = 230 KW • Existing demand load: 1143 KW • New demand load: 1134 KW + 230 KW = 1373 KW • Total demand with 25% growth: 1373 KW x 125% = 1720 KW • Existing equipment can withstand new load: 1720 KW < Transformer Capacity (2 @ 1500 KVA each) Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

28. Structural Analysis Air Handling Unit Location Existing Building Structural Load Analysis Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

29. Structural Analysis • Air handling unit location – 5th floor roof • 29’5” x 13’11” x 12’8” (LxWxH in ft in) • 22,484 lbs • Area chosen for AHU placement: best bay configuration & spacing Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

30. Structural Analysis • Can existing structure withstand the new load?? • Load on slab: (22,484 lbs)/(29’5” x 13’11”) = 55 PSF • Allowable deflection: L/360” = 353”/360” = 0.98 • RAM Analysis - all existing members adequate • All deflections < 0.98 ! • Existing structure can hold new Air Handling Unit! Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

31. Conclusions • From a cost standpoint: • The proposed mechanical redesign schemes prove to be a desired solution in achieving better indoor air quality and air security without significant expense to the hospital. • Also, existing structural & electrical systems can handle new additions Payback Period = 6.5 Years Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

32. Acknowledgements Special thanks to the following: • Mom, Dad, & Kenny • All Penn State University Architectural Engineering Faculty: Dr. Bahnfleth, Dr. Davidson, Jonathan U. Dougherty, Dr. Freihaut, Dr. Jae-Weon Jeong, Dr. Ling, Dr. Parfitt, Dr. Mumma, Dr. Riley, & Dr. Srebric • Ken Frazier, Rob Banas, & Bob Leach of Leach Wallace Associates • Jim Xinis, Franklin Daley, & Monty Sudor of Calvert Memorial Hospital • Jon Goodroad, Kara Prince, Elizabeth Felice, Jessica Potkovick, & Dana Markovics • The AE Class of 2005 Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University

33. Questions??? Engineering Unit B Penn State Holly Mawritz Mechanical Emphasis Calvert Memorial Hospital Spring 2005 The Pennsylvania State University