Organism Interactions and Energy Connections

1. Organism InteractionsandEnergy Connections

2. Energy Connections • All living things need energy to survive.

3. What is energy? • The energy living things need comes from carbon-compounds, or organic compounds. • Organic compounds: molecules that contain a carbon atom • Carbohydrates: glucose, starch, cellulose (mostly plants) • Proteins: the muscles of animals (steak!) • Fats: in muscle of animal tissues (fatty steak!)

4. Food Chains • A food chain shows the flow of energy between the organisms in an environment

5. Food Chains • Notice that the arrow points from the organism being eaten to the organism that eats it. • Like the burger you eat goes into you Plants  Cow (burger)  Human

6. What do the arrows in the food chain below indicate? Sunlight Energy flow Heat transfer Toxins

7. What do the arrows in the food chain below indicate? Energy flow

8. Food Webs When we put many food chains together in one ecosystem, it is called a food web.

9. Energy Moves in a Food Web Other animals get energy from the fat and protein in other animals Some animals get energy from plants Plants make glucose from light

10. There are two groups that organisms are divided into in any ecosystem based upon how they obtain energy. ----------------- use sunlight directly to make their own food.

11. Producers- use sunlight directly to make their own food. PHOTOSYNTHETIC

12. Parts of a Food Web • Where are the producers in the food web below?

13. Two groups of organisms based on energy consumption. Producers- use sunlight directly to make their own food. ---------------- Organisms that eat producers or other organisms for energy.

14. Consumers- Organisms that eat producers or other organisms for energy.

15. Two groups of organisms based on energy consumption. Producers- use sunlight directly to make their own food. Consumers- Organisms that eat producers or other organisms for energy.

16. Parts of a Food Web • Where are the consumers in the food web below?

17. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • ----------------- consumer that eats plants.

18. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Herbivore consumer that eats plants. • ---------------- consumer that eats animals.

19. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Herbivore- consumer that eats plants. • Carnivore- consumer that eats animals. • ---------------- consumer that eats both plants and animals.

20. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Herbivore- consumer that eats plants. • Carnivore- consumer that eats animals. • Omnivore consumer that eats both plants and animals.

21. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • ------------------ animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals.

22. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Scavengers- animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals. • ____________ - organisms that get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms.

23. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Scavengers- animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals. • Decomposers - organisms that get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms.

24. Decomposers • Are essential to any ecosystem because they are nature’s recyclers. Decomposition

25. Two groups of organisms based on energy consumption. Producers- use sunlight directly to make their own food. Consumers- Organisms that eat producers or other organisms for energy. • Herbivores • Carnivores • Omnivores • Scavengers • Decomposers

26. Energy Pyramids Energy Pyramids are diagrams shaped like a triangle that shows the loss of energy at each level of the food chain.

27. Energy Pyramid Labels Each Level is called a Trophic Level and represents the total amount of available energy AND biomass in each level. Tertiary Consumers Secondary Consumers How many trophic levels are represented? Primary Consumers 4 Why not more? Producers

28. Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Primary Consumer Producer

29. Trophic levels represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem. Each Trophic Level is the total amount of energy and biomass in all organisms at one level in the food web. • Biomass- the amount of organic matter (nutrients) comprising a group of organisms in a habitat.

30. Energy Pyramids • Only energy stored in tissues of an organism can be transferred to the next level. • As you move up a food chain, both available energy and biomass decrease. • Energy and biomass are transferred upwards but are diminished with each transfer. The higher up in the pyramid an organism is, the more they must eat to obtain energy. Less Energy More Energy

31. Energy Flow

32. Energy Transfer (percents) • We can say that the energy transfer from level to level is inefficient • (not a lot of the energy at each level makes it up) 0.1% 1% 10% 100%

33. Energy Transfer (calories) • This means that there can’t be many levels in a food web or pyramid • The amount of energy decreases, and it cannot typically support organisms at higher levels than tertiary consumer 1 calorie 10 calories 100 calories 1,000 calories

34. 1. Why is there a limited number of energy levels in an energy pyramid or food web? • Energy transfer is very efficient • Energy is captured as heat • Energy transfer is inefficient • Energy is not transferred in a food web

35. 2. How is energy stored and transferred in an ecosystem? • In light • In oxygen and carbon dioxide • In carbon compounds like glucose • In the process of decomposition

36. 3. Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer in the ecosystem shown? • Hawk • Rabbit • Mountain lion • Frog

37. Population Impacts in a Food Web • If the population of organisms at any level of the food web changes, it will affect the population at other levels

38. Population Impacts in a Food Web If the population of producers decreases, then the population of primary consumers will decrease if they don’t have enough food.

39. Population Impacts in a Food Web • If the population of primary consumers decreases, then… • The producers will increase because there are less consumers eating them • The secondary consumers will decrease because there is less food for them

40. Which organism would be most affected if the cricket population decreased? • Snake • Deer • Frog • Hawk

41. How does energy enter the food web?

42. Better question… where does the weight of a producer come from? How does this... become this?

43. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis: a process that occurs in producers and converts light, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

44. Sunlight Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water

45. More Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the air. • The carbon dioxide in the air is the building block for glucose. • The light energy helps bond CO2 and H2O together to make glucose.

46. The Carbon Cycle

47. Carbon Cycle • Carbon is found throughout the environment • Carbon is found in the atmosphere and in water as carbon dioxide (CO2) • Carbon is found in organisms as organic molecules, like glucose (sugars) and fats • Carbon is found buried in the ground as fossil fuels

48. Carbon Cycle • Carbon is cycled, or moves • Atmosphere: Carbon is in the form of CO2

49. CO2

50. Carbon Cycle 2) Producers: Use photosynthesis to make sugars from CO2 in the atmosphere (carbon is moved!)