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Chapter 1: Principles of Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics. Routes of drug administration – Getting the drugs in. The time course of drug blood level depends on route of administration. Method of Administration Affects Blood Concentration. Administration of nicotine by smoking or chewing.
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Chapter 1: Principles of Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics
The time course of drug blood level depends on route of administration
Method of Administration Affects Blood Concentration Administration of nicotine by smoking or chewing
Absorption and Distribution Characteristics that will affect absorption: Lipid/water-solubility
Absorption and Distribution Characteristics that will affect absorption: Lipid/water-solubility Morphine Heroin HO HO http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/drugs/gifs/heroin.gif
Absorption and Distribution • Characteristics that will affect absorption: Ionization
Absorption and Distribution Characteristics that will affect absorption: Blood-brain barrier
Binding • Drug depots:
Binding Receptors
Metabolism Metabolism: enzyme induction enzyme inhibition drug competition individual differences
The Life of a Drug in the Body • Route of administration (getting it in) • Absorption/ Distribution (getting to the brain) • Binding • Metabolism/Deactivation • Excretion (getting rid of it)
Effects of Repeated Drug Use • Tolerance: • Is reversible • Not all drug effects show equal tolerance • Types of tolerance • Disposition • Pharmocodynamic • Behavioral
Effects of Repeated Drug Use • Sensitization
Therapeutic effects • Side effects • Specific drug effects • Nonspecific drug effects