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Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia. Phylum Cnidaria. Characteristics. Radial or biradial symmetry Diploblastic organization Mesoglea between epidermis and gastrodermis Gastrovascular cavity Nerve net Cnidocytes – used in defense and feeding. Reproduction/Life Cycle. Can be monoecious or dioecious

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Kingdom Animalia

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  1. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Cnidaria

  2. Characteristics • Radial or biradial symmetry • Diploblastic organization • Mesoglea between epidermis and gastrodermis • Gastrovascular cavity • Nerve net • Cnidocytes – used in defense and feeding

  3. Reproduction/Life Cycle • Can be monoecious or dioecious • Alternate generations between polyp and medusa form • Polyp – asexual and sessile • Medusa – dioecious and free swimming

  4. Reproduction Cont’d • Planula – Cnidaria larvae • Polyps are produced by budding or planula • Medusae formed by budding from a polyp body wall

  5. Feeding • Use cnidocytes to stun or kill prey • Tentacles contract to bring food to mouth • Food is digested in gastrovascular cavity

  6. Support and Locomotion • Hydrostatic Skeleton • Some classes have longitudinal muscles that aid in movement • Polyps – somersault, inchworm, glide on base, and walk on their tentacles • Medusae – swim and float

  7. Classification • Class Hydrozoa • Class Scyphozoa • Class Cubozoa • Class Anthozoa

  8. Class Hydrozoa • Mostly marine, but the only class with freshwater members! • Alternate generations • Mostly colonial polyps

  9. Obelia • Gastrozooid – feeding polyp formed from planula larvae • Grows through budding into more gastrozooids • Gonozooid – reproductive polyp that forms medusa by budding • Medusae then reproduce sexually

  10. Gastrozooid Gonozooid

  11. Gonionemus • Medusa predominant • Has a velum (shelf-like lip that projects inward) • Velum creates jet propulsion • Mouth at end of a manubrium • Nerve ring that coordinates swimming movements • Statocyst – responds to gravity

  12. Hydra • Freshwater • Polyps only, no medusae • Testes form sperm by meiosis • Ovaries form one egg each

  13. Physalia • Portuguese man-of-war • Colonial • Cannot swim • Cnidocytes in tentacles are lethal to small vertebrates and dangerous to humans

  14. Class Scyphozoa • All marine • “True Jellyfish” – medusa dominant

  15. Stinging Nettle, Mastigias

  16. Aurelia • Gastrodermal cells have cilia to circulate food • Feeds on plankton • Rhopalia – chemoreceptors • Lappets – touch receptors • Statocysts – gravity sensors • Ocelli - photoreceptors

  17. Class Cubozoa • Medusae are cuboidal • Polyps are reduced or absent • Tentacles hang from corners

  18. Class Anthozoa • Polyps only, no medusae • Mouth has a pharynx • Gastrovascular cavity is divided into sections • Sexual and asexual reproduction

  19. Sea Anemones

  20. Corals

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