1 / 16

Egyptian Civilization: “The Gift of the Nile”

Egyptian Civilization: “The Gift of the Nile”. Chapter 3 Dynasty Pharaoh Bureaucracy Vizier Mummification Hieroglyphics Hieratic script. The Impact of Geography. The Nile Delta is called Lower Egypt The land upstream, to the south, is called Upper Egypt

jerome-grimes
Download Presentation

Egyptian Civilization: “The Gift of the Nile”

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Egyptian Civilization:“The Gift of the Nile” Chapter 3 Dynasty Pharaoh Bureaucracy Vizier Mummification Hieroglyphics Hieratic script

  2. The Impact of Geography • The Nile Delta is called Lower Egypt • The land upstream, to the south, is called Upper Egypt • Egypt’s important cities developed at the tip of the delta, the point at which the Nile divides into two major branches forming the delta

  3. The Impact of Geography • The most important feature of the river was its yearly flooding • The Nile reached highest point in Sept. and Oct., and left behind a deposit of mud that created an area of rich, fertile soil several miles wide on both sides of the river called the “Black Land” • The deserts were called the “Red Land” • The Nile = transportation, communication, natural defense

  4. The Importance of Religion • Egyptians were polytheistic (Ra, Osiris, Isis, Set, Horus) • Major gods were sun and land gods (the natural world) • Had no word for religion – just a part of the entire world order

  5. Egyptian Government – The Beginnings • Menes – first leader – united upper and lower Egypt - founded the first dynasty • Around 3100 BC • Double crown symbolizing both kingdoms

  6. Crown of Upper and Lower Egypt

  7. The Old Kingdom • 2700 – 2200 BC • Title of Pharaoh is used • Develop a government administration • Mummification • Pyramids

  8. Pyramids – the Old Kingdom • Burial place for pharaoh • Rooms with supplies for afterlife • Largest pyramid is at Giza • Pyramid is the symbol of the Old Kingdom

  9. The Middle Kingdom • Period of Stability between 2050 to 1652 BC • Conquered Nubia – land of gold • Pharaohs take on building projects such as draining swampland • Ends with the invasion of Egypt by the Hyksos (people from Western Asia)

  10. The New Kingdom • Hyksos teach Egyptians to use bronze in farming tools and weapons, and horse-drawn chariots • New Kingdom was 1567 to 1085 BC • Buildings and military campaigns • Conquer and occupy Palestine and Syria • This is the kingdom of Hatshepsut, Akhenaton, Tutankhamen, and Ramses II • Collapses in 1085 BC

  11. Building Projects of Ramses II

  12. The End of Egypt • Dominated by Libyans, Persian, Nubians, and Macedonians (after Alexander the Great) • Cleopatra tried to reestablish independence in the 1st century BC but her involvement with Rome and her suicide end with Egypt becoming simply another province of Rome

  13. Cities • Egyptian Cities: Memphis, Thebes, Akhetaten • Homes built of mud bricks • Main temples built of stone to important gods and goddesses • Towns often named for the important god

  14. Writing • Writing emerged around 3000 BC • Hieroglyphics • Hieratic script • First carved in stone and later written on papyrus

  15. Art, and Science • Stylized form in sculpting • Advances in math in order to build, and geometry • 365-day calendar (based on the movement of the moon and the star Sirius • Embalming • Medicine: splints, bandages, compresses

  16. Social Structure • Society in a simple structure = a pyramid Pharaoh nobles & priests Middle class, and merchants Lower class: farmers, peasants, forced labor

More Related