Ancient Egypt and Kush

1. Ancient Egypt and Kush Chapter 4

2. The Nile • This river has been the 1)lifeline of civilization in Egypt since the 2)Stone Age. • 3)Climate change at the end of the most recent 4)ice age led to the formation of the 5)Sahara desert

3. The Nile • The Ancient 6)Egyptians cultivated and traded: • 7) Wheat • 8) Flax • Wheat was a crucial crop in the 9)Middle East. • Their 10)trading system secured Egypt's 11)diplomatic relationships with other countries. • It helped to create economic 12)stability.

4. The Nile • The 13)Greek historian Herodotus wrote that "Egypt was the 14)gift of the Nile". • It provided a 15)crucial role in the development of Egyptian 16)civilization.

5. The Nile • The Nile was an important part of ancient Egyptian 17)spiritual life. • The Nile was considered to be a 18)passageway from life to death and the 19)afterlife. • The 20)east was thought of as a place of 21)birth and growth. • The 22)west was considered the place of 23)death.

6. Mind Map • Your Topic is The Nile • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures • BrainPop-Pharaohs

7. Kings Unify Egypt • 24)Upper and 25)Lower Egypt were ruled by different kings from its birth to around 26)3100 B.C.. • In this year 27)Menes came to power in Upper 28)Egypt. • He was able to 29)combine both upper and lower Egypt into one 30)nation by using his 31) army to complete unification.

8. Kings Unify Egypt • He then took a 32)princess from lower Egypt as his wife. • During his rule he wore both the 33)white crown (upper) and 34)red crown (lower). • This later was combined into a 35)double crown.

9. The Dynasty of Pharaoh Menes • Menes became the First 36)Pharaoh of Egypt • The word Pharaoh means “37)Great House” • The Menes 38)family would rule after his death creating the first 39)dynasty of Egypt.

10. The Dynasty of Pharaoh Menes • Menes Created his 40)capital city at Memphis on the southern tip of the 41)Nile Delta. • This 42)first Dynasty lasted for about 43)200 years.

11. Mind Map • Your Topic is Menes • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures • King Menes

12. The Old Kingdom • This time included the 44)3rd through 45)6th dynasties. (2700 BC-2200BC) • 46)Pharaohs duties grew during this period. • He hired 47)people to help him complete his 48)duties. • Most of these people came from his 49)family.

13. The Old Kingdom • 50)Khufu was the most famous of the 51)Pharaohs from the Old Kingdom. • He 52)reigned from 2589 to 2566 BC. • He was the 53)second pharaoh of the 54)Fourth Dynasty. • He is generally accepted as being the builder of the 55)Great Pyramid of Giza.

14. Mind Map • Your Topic is The Old Kingdom • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

15. Great Pyramid of Giza • The Great Pyramid of 56)Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza 57)Necropolis • It is the oldest of the 58)Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. • 59)Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for Egyptian Pharaoh 60)Khufu.

16. Great Pyramid of Giza • It was the 61)tallest man-made structure in the world for over 62)3,800 years, • It 63)believed that the pyramid was built by moving huge 64)stones from a quarry and dragging and 65)lifting them into place.

17. Mind Map • Your Topic is Pyramid of Giza • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures • BrainPop-Seven Wonders

18. Egyptian Religion and Afterlife • Egyptian’s practiced 66)Polytheism (many gods) • They built 67)temples to the Gods all over Egypt. • There were over 68)2,000 names of gods in Ancient Egypt.

19. Egyptian Religion and Afterlife • Some 69)images of gods and goddesses show them with a 70)human body and the head of a 71)bird or an animal. • 72)Animals were chosen to represent the 73)powers of the god.

20. Egyptian Religion and Afterlife • Their 74)religion is focused on the 75)afterlife. • Considered to be a “76)happy place.” • This focused on the “77)Ka” or life force. • Upon death the Ka left the 78)body.

21. Egyptian Religion and Afterlife • This 79)spirit however could not leave the 80)burial site. • The Ka has the same 81)needs as the person did in 82)life.

22. Egyptian Religion and Afterlife • 83)Tombs were filled with what they considered 84)necessary for the Ka to live its 85)afterlife. • Some of the objects included: • 86)Furniture • 87)Clothing • 88)Tools • 89)Jewelry • 90)Weapons

23. Egyptian Religion and Afterlife • The 91)family of the dead were expected to bring 92)food and 93)drink to the tomb so the Ka would not be 94)hungry or 95)thirsty.

24. Egyptian Religion and Afterlife • The 96)journey to the afterlife was thought to be 97)difficult trip. • Families would bury 98)maps and other things necessary to make the 99)journey.

25. Mind Map • Your Topic is Egyptian Afterlife • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

26. Burial Practices of the Egyptians • Egyptians 100)belief that the body needed to be 101)preserved to avoid decay lead to 102)embalming and 103)mummification. • Only 104)royalty and other members of the elite could 105)afford this process.

27. Mummies • The 106)mummification process has two stages. • The first one is called 107)embalming. • This process cleans the body for the wrapping • The second stage is 108)wrapping • This part has a number of special steps, that must be followed.

28. Mind Map • Your Topic is Burial Practices • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

29. Embalming • Step 1: The body is washed with 109) palm wine. • Step 2: The body is rinsed with water from the 110)Nile. • Step 3: A small 111)cut is made in the left side of the body. • Step 4: The internal organs are removed: • 112)Liver • 113)Lungs • 114)Small intestines • 115)large intestines

30. Embalming • Step 5: The 116)brains are removed. A long 117)hook inserted through the nose will pull the brains 118)out. • Step 6: The 119)body is covered and stuffed with 120)natron. This is known as the 121)drying stage.

31. Embalming • Step 7: Wait 122)forty days for the body to dry. • Step 8: The 123)body is washed with water from the Nile. • Step 9: The body is covered with 124)sweet smelling oils.

32. Embalming • Step 10: The body is 125)stuffed with dry things, such as: • 126)Sawdust • 127)Leaves • 128)Cloth • Step 11: The body is covered with more 129)oils. • Step 12: The internal 130)organs are put into the 131)canopic jars.

33. Mind Map • Your Topic is Embalming • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

34. Wrapping • Step 1: The head and 132)neck are wrapped. • Step 2: The 133)fingers and toes are wrapped. • Step 3: The 134)arms and legs are wrapped. • Step 4: The sacred 135)amulets are placed • 136)The Isis knot • 137)The Plummet

35. Wrapping • Step 5: The 138)spells from the book of the dead are read. • Step 6: The arms and legs are 139)tied together. • Step 7: A 140)scroll is placed between the hands of the deceased.  • Step 8: The full 141)body is wrapped. • Step 9: The body is 142)painted with liquid resin as glue.

36. Wrapping • Step 10: A cloth with 143)Osiris painted on it is wrapped around the body. • Step 11: A large 144)cloth is wrapped around the body. • Step 12: 145)Linen stripes are wrapped around the body to hold the cloth in place. • Step 13: The mummy is put in the first 146)coffin. • Step 14: The 147)mummy is put in the second coffin.

37. Wrapping • Step 15: The 148)funeral is held. • Step 16: The opening of the 149)mouth ceremony is performed. • Step 17: The mummy is put in the 150)sarcophagus. • Step 18: The mummy is put in its 151)final resting place, the 152)tomb.

38. Mind Map • Your Topic is Wrapping • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures • BrainPop-Mummies

39. The Rule of Mentuhotep • Around 2050 BC 153)Mentuhotep II came to power. • This 154)began the period known as the 155)Middle Kingdom. • This was a time of 156)stability for the region.

40. The Rule of Mentuhotep • This time period lasted until 157)1750 BC. • The fall of the kingdom was due to 158)internal disorder within the 159)nobles. • Also a group known as the 160)Hyksos from Asia had invaded parts of Egypt.

41. The Rule of Mentuhotep • The Hyksos were able to 161)capture the lower region and occupy it for 162)200 years. • This 163)ended the Middle Kingdom.

42. Mind Map • Your Topic is Mentuhotep • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures

43. The New Kingdom • 164)Ahmose of the city of 165)Thebes expelled the Hyksos and took control of the 166)region. • This marks the beginning of the 167)18th Dynasty. • This is the time of Egypt’s greatest 168)power.

44. The New Kingdom • During this time 169)Egyptian leaders wanted to avoid being 170)invaded ever again. • They 171)wanted to take control of any 172)invasion route in the region.

45. The New Kingdom • They 173)army of Egypt would take control of the following regions: • 174)Hyksos Homeland • 175)Syria • 176)Eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea • This made Egypt the leading 177)military power in the region.

46. The New Kingdom • Military 178)conquest provided Egypt with great 179)wealth. • 180)Kings from the conquered regions would send items to the 181)Pharaoh to maintain good relations with him.

47. The New Kingdom • The growth of the 182)empire through military force also opened up new 183)trade routes. • Many regions that were 184)unknown to the kingdom were now 185)part of the empire.

48. The New Kingdom • 186)Trade became a major part of the economy. • When 187)Queen Hatshepsut came to power she 188)promoted trade. • Under her 189)rule the trading routes opened: • 190)Red Sea • 191)Asia Minor • 192)Greece

49. The New Kingdom • She would use 193)money made in the trade to support the growth of 194)arts and 195)architecture. • She had impressive 196)monuments and temples built during her 197)reign.

50. Mind Map • Your Topic is The New Kingdom • Fill in all 6 bubbles • Make sure to use 4 or less words or pictures