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Muscular System

Muscular System. By: Emily Brosten Stephanie Elhard JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER. Introduction. 1. 600 muscles in the body 2. Muscles are ~ made of bundles of muscle fibers which are held together by connective tissue.

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System By: Emily Brosten Stephanie Elhard JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER

  2. Introduction • 1. 600 muscles in the body • 2. Muscles are ~ made of bundles of muscle fibers which are held together by connective tissue.

  3. 3. When muscle fibers are stimulated by nerves ~they contract or become short and thick.

  4. Voluntary ~ you can willfully control muscles *facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, and movement of the head

  5. Involuntary ~ function without the person thinking about contracting the muscles. *digestive system, heart muscles, and blood vessels **Some muscles are both voluntary and involuntary ~ example eye blinking

  6. THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES

  7. 1. Cardiac muscles ~ cells are packed so closely together its hard to tell one cell from another. ~forms walls of the heart ~contact to circulate blood ~involuntary

  8. 2. Visceral/Smooth muscles ~found in internal organs of the body *digestive, respiratory system, blood vessels, and eyes. ~muscles contract to cause movement in these areas ~involuntary function without the person thinking about contracting the muscle

  9. 3. Skeletal~ most abundant muscle ~attached to bone ~causes body to move ~voluntary

  10. FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES

  11. 1. Attaches to bones to provide voluntary movement. • 2. During contractions provide heat and energy.

  12. 3. Helps maintain posture. • 4. Some protect internal organs.

  13. SKELETAL MUSCLES ATTACH TO BONES IN VARIOUS WAYS

  14. 1.Tendon ~ strong, tough connective tissue cord, connect muscle to bone *Achilles Tendon (attaches to calf muscle and heel bone) *lumbodorsal fascia (surrounds the deep muscles of the back and trunk)

  15. 2. Fascia ~ tough, sheet-like membrane that covers and protects tissue *lumbodorsal fascia (surrounds the deep muscles of the back and trunk)

  16. 3.Origin ~ When a muscle attaches to the bone, the end doesn’t move. -usually attaches closer to the trunk of the body -where the muscle begins

  17. 4. Insertion ~ the end of the muscle that attaches to a bone that moves -where the muscle ends

  18. CHARACTERISTICSOFMUSCLE TISSUES

  19. 1. Contractability ~ ability to shorten and thicken (when muscles work they contract that is they get shorter and thicker)

  20. 2. Extensibility ~ ability to stretch (when muscle is relaxed it becomes longer and thinner) *some muscles work while others relax *

  21. 3.Elasticity ~ ability to return to original length • 4. Irritability ~ability to respond to stimulus • 5. Tone ~ slight tension in the muscles at all times, even at rest

  22. MOVEMENTPERFORMEDBYMUSCLES

  23. 1. Adduction ~ moving a body part toward the midline • 2. Abduction ~ moving a body part away from the midline

  24. 3.Flexion (Flexor) ~ decreasing the angle between two bones and body part

  25. 4. Extension ( Extensor) ~ increasing the angle between two bones and body part

  26. 5. Rotation ~a circular motion which turns a body part on its axis

  27. 6. Sphincters: ring like muscles that close body openings • example: rectum

  28. 7. Levators: lift a part of the body

  29. 8. Depressors: lower a part of the body • 9. Supination: the act of rotating the arm so the palm of the hand is upward.

  30. 10. Pronation: the act of rotating the arm so the palm of the hand is turned downward.

  31. Terminology • Muscle tone: muscles that are partially contracted at all times, even when they may not be in use.

  32. Contracture: severe tightening of a flexor muscle that results in bending of a joint. • Myology: my/o = muscles • ology = study of • the study of muscles

  33. MYOLOGY The Study of Muscles CHARTS

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