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STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage . Objective 1 : Noun Forms

STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage . Objective 1 : Noun Forms. Language Graduation Exam Review. The regular way to form a plural noun is to add an s . dogs, horses The plural of some nouns is formed by adding an es . buses, foxes. Plural Nouns.

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STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage . Objective 1 : Noun Forms

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  1. STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage.Objective 1: Noun Forms Language Graduation Exam Review

  2. The regular way to form a plural noun is to add an s. • dogs, horses • The plural of some nouns is formed by adding an es. • buses, foxes Plural Nouns

  3. The plural of nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant is formed by changing the y to i and adding es • files, salaries • The plural of nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel is formed by adding an s. • toys, monkeys Plural Nouns Ending in y

  4. The plural of most nouns ending in f or fe is formed by adding an s. • safes, kerchiefs • The plural of some nouns ending in f or fe is formed by changing the f to v and adding s or es. • leaves, wives Plural Nouns Ending in f or fe

  5. The plural of some nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel is formed by adding s. • studios • The plural of most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant is formed by adding es. • Heroes • Exceptions – pianos, silos Plural Nouns Ending in o

  6. Some nouns are the same in the singular and the plural. • sheep, trout Plural Nouns

  7. The plural of a few nouns is formed in irregular ways. • Woman – women, goose - geese Irregular Nouns

  8. The plural of compound nounswritten as one word is formed by adding s or es. • cupfuls, strongboxes • The plural of compound nouns consisting of a noun plus a modifier is formed by making the modified noun plural. • Editors in chief, runners-up Compound Nouns

  9. Choose the sentence that is written correctly. A A chorus of donkeys greeted the dawn. B The Smith’s bought a new house last week. C The author added four appendix to her book. D Three young foxen were romping in the snow. Standard I-1: Identify correct noun forms (singular and plural). Answer: A

  10. Choose the sentence that contains an error. A Can anyone name all the gulfs on the map? B Bushs along the roadside were turning green. CThe waves crashed onto the beach with a roar. D There were many kinds of potatoes in the supermarket. Standard I-1: Identify correct noun forms (singular and plural). Answer: B

  11. 3. Choose the sentence that contains an error. A Across the entire western states, the skies are clear. B The town council recognized the rescuers as heroes. C The two musicians were son-in-laws of the conductor. DHow many former secretaries of state are still living? Standard I-1: Identify correct noun forms (singular and plural). Answer: C

  12. STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage. Objective 4: Recognize pronoun-antecedent agreement in number and gender. Language Graduation Exam Review

  13. Pronouns take the place of nouns. • Each pronoun should agree with the noun that it stands for. • The noun that a pronoun replaces is called the pronoun’s antecedent. • If the noun is singular, the pronoun must be singular. • If the noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter, the pronoun must be the same. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  14. Singular possessive pronouns: • his, her, hers, its • An actress must know her lines. • My husband needs to cut his toenails. • This computer has a scratch on its monitor. • Plural possessive pronouns: • their, theirs • All actors must study their lines. • The members of the club brought their own sandwiches. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  15. A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number and gender. • Martha has completed her task. • The teachers left their umbrellas at home. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  16. The words each, either, neither, one, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, and somebody are referred to by singular pronouns. • Nobody should mistake his meaning. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  17. Two or more singular antecedents joined by andshould be referred to by a plural pronoun. • If Sue and Bill call, please tell them that I am ill. • An actor and an actress were waiting for their entrances. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  18. Two or more singular antecedents joined by orornor should be referred to by a singularpronoun. • Neither the dollnor the bike won its approval as a certified safe toy. • Neither my dognor my cat ate its food. • Neither the girlsnor the mother could was her hair. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  19. When a singular and a plural antecedent are joined by orornor, the pronoun should agree with the antecedent closest to the pronoun. • Neither my dog nor my cats ate their food. • Neither my cats nor my dog ate its food. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  20. Choose the sentence that is written correctly. A The cat ate its food quickly. BEach student voted for its favorite food. C The groom found its tuxedo in the closet. D Todd and Keith went to his own graduation on Sunday. Standard I-4: Recognize pronoun-antecedent agreement in number and gender. Answer: A

  21. Choose the sentence in which the underlined word is correct. A Jane washed her car right before it rained. BEach of the roses has theirown distinct smell. C Some of the rabbits chewed through its cages. D Most of the people clapped her hands after the show. Standard I-4: Recognize pronoun-antecedent agreement in number and gender. Answer: A

  22. Choose the sentence that contains an error. A The bull lost her way in the storm. BMrs. Jones put her money in the safe. C Mark guided his canoe to the edge of the waterfall. D Jake and Ed put on their hats when they went outside. Standard I-4: Recognize pronoun-antecedent agreement in number and gender. Answer: A

  23. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. The citizens at the meeting expressed opinions articulately. A its B his C they D their Standard I-4: Recognize pronoun-antecedent agreement in number and gender. Answer: D

  24. 5. Choose the sentence in which the underlined word is an error. A Neither Bob nor Joe remembered to bring his notes. B The singers spent long hours coordinating their outfits. C Every dog in the show is wearing their own personalized collar. D Both Mary and Sharon are taking their gym bags to class. Standard I-4: Recognize pronoun-antecedent agreement in number and gender. Answer: C

  25. STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage.Objective 6: Pronoun Case Language Graduation Exam Review

  26. Pronouns that refer to persons or things are called personal pronouns. (Take the place on nouns.) • Personal pronouns have three cases: • Nominative (subjective) • Objective • Possessive • Case of a personal pronoun depends on the pronoun’s function/used in a sentence – • Subject • Complement • Object of preposition • Replacement for a possessive noun Pronoun Case

  27. Personal Pronouns Cases

  28. Be very careful when using possessive personal pronouns. They do NOT have apostrophes. • The vacuum needs its filter replaced. (correct) • The vacuum needs it’s filter replaced. (incorrect) It’s is a contraction for it is. Its shows possession. Possessive Pronouns

  29. Subject: • I went to the game. • John and he stayed late. • Predicate nominative: • This is she. • The players were Jeff and he. • Direct Object: • They chose us. • She saw Courtney and me. • Indirect Object: • Give them the prize. • Show Doug and her the book. • Object of Preposition: • I showed the film to him. • We gave the instructions to Harry and her. Pronoun Case

  30. Choose the sentence that is written correctly. A Both Jim and me noticed the mistake. B When are you and him coming to see me? C Marilyn and me were elected to the student council. D Our family and they have known each other for years. Standard I-6: Identify correct pronoun case. Answer: D

  31. Choose the sentence that contains an error. AIs that painting in the gallery yours? B Beth prides herself on always being neatly dressed. C Because the children had no toys, we decided to share ours. D If you have watched the Atlanta Braves, you have seen baseball at it’s best. Standard I-6:Identify correct pronoun case. Answer: D

  32. 3. Choose the sentence in which the underlined word is correct. A Each of them worked long hours in theirjobs. B Brenda and her are coming over tonight to rehearse. C I found Mark and he waiting for me at the other entrance. D If every team member plays her best game, we should win easily. Standard I-6:Identify correct pronoun case. Answer: D

  33. Choose the sentence in which the underlined word is an error. AEither Kim or Mary forgot to make her lunch. B The painters brought her own brushes in the truck. C Every boy on the soccer team remembered his shoes. D Both Linda and Terri are putting their magazines under the bed. Standard I-6: Identify correct pronoun case. Answer: B

  34. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. Tammy and were elected to the student council. A me B I C them D myself Standard I-6:Identify correct pronoun case. Answer: B

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