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Bellringer. Get ready for your quiz! After your quiz, complete the “Treaty of Versailles” Worksheet individually BJOTD: What happens when two oxen bump into each other?. The Flawed Peace. The Peace Talks. The peace discussions took place at the Palace of Versailles in 1918.
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Bellringer • Get ready for your quiz! • After your quiz, complete the “Treaty of Versailles” Worksheet individually • BJOTD: What happens when two oxen bump into each other?
The Peace Talks • The peace discussions took place at the Palace of Versailles in 1918. • 32 nations met. The Big Four were: • USA (Woodrow Wilson), France, Great Britain, Italy
Wilson’s 14 Points • Woodrow Wilson came up with the Fourteen Points, which outlined a plan for a just and lasting peace worldwide • Freedom of trade and seas • Aid to colonial people • Redrawing borders of countries • 14th point: the creation of a general group that would protect all nations • Main Idea: Self-determination • People have the right to decide the fate of their own nation
The Allies Dictate a Harsh Peace • France wanted to treat Germany very harshly • June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed • Germany lost a lot of territory and had military restrictions • Germany was held to blame for the war: “war guilt” • Germany had to pay for all the damage: 33 billion • Germany lost all of its territories
Military Restrictions: Do Not Write • Germany is not allowed to have tanks, airplanes, submarines, large warships and poison gas. • During 15 years Germany is not allowed to station troops on the left border of the river Rhine and in a 50 km strip on the right border of the Rhine. • The total size of the Germany army is not to exceed 100.000 men. • The German navy has a maximum of 15.000 men.
“Lost but not Forgotten Land” “You must carve in your heart These words, as in stone What we have lost We will regain!”
League of Nations • League of Nations-adopted from Wilson’s 14th point • International peace group • The 5 allied powers were permanent members of the executive council • US, Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan • Germany and Russia left out
The Creation of New Nations • Other treaties were signed with Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. All resulted in the loss of territory • Austria-Hungary lost Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia • Russia lost Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (all became independent nations)
The Mandate System • The nations created out of the former Ottoman Empire were not independent: they were mandates of France and Great Britain • Mandate: a commission by the League of Nations to create a responsible government in a former colony • Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan=Great Britain; Syria and Lebanon=France
“A Peace built on Quicksand” • America refused to sign the treaty and decided to stay out of all European affairs • Germans were angry because they got all the blame for the war • Colonial participation in the war led to increased colonial demands for independence • Japan and Italy did not gain as much territory as they wanted and so became bitter • The League of Nations was weak and did not have the power to mediate conflicts
The Legacy of the War • New technology • 8.5 million soldiers dead • 21 million wounded • Many civilians died of starvation, disease and slaughter • War cost 33billion dollars • Acres of land were destroyed • Italy, Japan, Russia and Germany are all very unhappy
Ending Activities • Page 381- Skill builder 1 and 2 • Page 383- #3 • Page 383- Skill Builder 1 and 2 • Page 385- Focus on Graphs – ALL 3