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Chapter 7 The Nervous System

Chapter 7 The Nervous System. Regions of the Brain. Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum. Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain Include more than half of the brain mass. Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum). Figure 7.13a.

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Chapter 7 The Nervous System

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  1. Chapter 7The Nervous System

  2. Regions of the Brain Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum

  3. Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain Include more than half of the brain mass Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) Figure 7.13a

  4. The surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) Function – concerned with higher functions of the brain Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) Figure 7.13a

  5. Lobes of the Cerebrum • Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes • Surface lobes of the cerebrum • Frontal lobe • Parietal lobe • Occipital lobe • Temporal lobe

  6. Somatic sensory area – receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors Primary motor area – sends impulses to skeletal muscles Broca’s area – involved in our ability to speak Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum

  7. Gray matter • Outer layer • Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies • White matter • Fiber tracts inside the gray matter • Basal nuclei – internal islands of gray matter Layers of the Cerebrum Figure 7.13a

  8. Diencephalon • Sits on top of the brain stem • Enclosed by the cerebral heispheres • Made of three parts • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Epithalamus

  9. The relay station for sensory impulses Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation Thalamus Epithalamus Includes the choroid plexus – forms cerebrospinal fluid

  10. Important autonomic nervous system center • Helps regulate body temperature • Controls water balance • Regulates metabolism • An important part of the limbic system (emotions) Hypothalamus

  11. Brain Stem • Attaches to the spinal cord • Parts of the brain stem • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla oblongata

  12. Reflex centers for vision and hearing Midbrain Pons Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing

  13. The lowest part of the brain stem • Merges into the spinal cord • Contains important control centers • Heart rate control • Blood pressure regulation • Breathing • Swallowing • Vomiting Medulla Oblongata

  14. Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem Involved in motor control of visceral organs Reticular activating system plays a role in awake/sleep cycles and consciousness Reticular Formation

  15. Reticular Formation Figure 7.15b

  16. Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces Provides involuntary coordination of body movements Cerebellum cerebellum

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