NorCal Group 5

1. NorCal Group 5 National Safety Down Day

2. Purposes Mandated by National Headquarters Pause for Introspection Pre-emptive strike on future mishaps Learn about potential hazards In other words�to check ourselves before we wreck ourselves!

3. Topics for Discussion FLYING Wind Shear Carbon Monoxide Taxiing Safely

4. Topics for Discussion DRIVING Cell Phone Usage How Aging Affects Driving Safety Driving in Bad Weather

5. Topics for Discussion WALKING and LIVING Food Safety Protecting Your Hearing (say what?) Preventing Falls

6. Wind Shear What is it? A change in wind speed and/or direction over a short distance Occurs either horizontally or vertically, most often associated with strong temperature inversions or density gradients Note: Source for all wind shear information presented is www.gofir.com, Aviation Accident Prevention Program

7. Wind Shear Can occur at high or low altitude Four common sources for low level: Frontal activity Thunderstorms Temperature Inversions Surface Obstructions

8. Wind Shear Frontal Activity shear is �normally� only a problem when steep wind gradients are present No absolute rule, but two indicators are: Temperature difference across the front at the surface is 10 degrees F (5 degrees C) or more Front is moving at a speed of at least 30 knots

9. Wind Shear Thunderstorms are extremely dangerous! Gusty winds: large downdrafts hit the ground and spread out horizontally Unpredictable winds can change direction 180 degrees, can reach velocities of 100 knots 10 miles ahead of storm Wind speed can increase up to 50% between surface and 1500 ft, mostly within first 150 feet

10. Wind Shear Other problem is the downburst (intense localized downdraft) Exceeds 720 feet per minute vertical velocity at 300 feet AGL Downburst power can exceed aircraft climb capabilities � in one case, even an Air Force jet couldn�t overcome it Clues: dust clouds, roll clouds, heavy rain

11. Wind Shear Temperature inversions: common in Colorado, Southwestern U.S., and Southern California Overnight cooling creates inversion few hundred feet above ground Inversion + low level jet (high winds) = wind shears close to ground As inversion dissipates, shear and winds move closer to ground; can be 90 degree direction change and 20-30 knot increase in surface wind in few minutes� time

12. Wind Shear Surface obstructions are buildings, hangars, et cetera near runways Also mountains, mountain passes � strong wind blowing through passes can cause serious localized shears (i.e. N9706E) Whenever strong surface winds present, expect shears

13. Wind Shear Two types of wind shear: horizontal and vertical Horizontal = e.g., flying across weather front line, generally less dangerous than Vertical = near ground, can drastically alter lift, indicated airspeed, and thrust Changes aircraft motion relative to ground; routine approach goes to emergency recovery in matter of seconds

14. Wind Shear Is wind shear really so dangerous? USAir Flight 1019, July 2, 1994 Did not recognize they were on outskirts of microburst (on board shear detection system malfunctioned) Did not do wind shear escape procedure, missed final approach Crashed into trees and residence near Charlotte, N.C. airport, killed 37, seriously injured 16. Capt/1st officer only minor injuries.

15. Wind Shear Delta Airlines Flight 191, August 2, 1985 On final approach for landing, crashed short of runway Couldn�t recover from loss of lift caused by shear encountered inside intense cell of rain Crashed into ground, a car, and 2 water tanks short of the runway; broke apart and burned 135 killed and 15 received serious injuries NTSB database: were 370 accidents involving wind shear between 1/1/86 � 9/27/06

16. Wind Shear Squadron 80, N9706E, January 14, 1995 Pilot was very experienced, over 2000 flight hours, mountainous terrain qualified Only 9 flight hours since last 100 hour inspection for aircraft Caught in mountain wave effect, couldn�t recover Nose dived into Mt. San Jacinto, all aboard killed NTSB database: were 370 accidents involving wind shear between 1/1/86 � 9/27/06

17. Wind Shear How to handle a wind shear: Know it is there (did you do a thorough weather briefing?) Know the magnitude of the change (just how big is it, anyway?) Be prepared to correct for it or go around it Above all, RESPECT IT!

18. Carbon Monoxide Swift, Silent, and Deadly! Colorless, odorless, tasteless POISONOUS GAS Prevents oxygen absorption by blood Creates vision problems, headaches, disorientation, blurred thinking Note: All information on CO is from www.faa.gov

19. Carbon Monoxide CO poisoning is most common industrial poisoning accident in the U.S. Ready source is fumes from burned aviation fuel Full extent of CO poisoning in aviation is unknown

20. Carbon Monoxide Symptoms: sluggishness, warmth, tightness across forehead Throbbing headache, pressure at temples, ringing in ears Severe headache, nausea, dizziness, dimming of vision Loss of consciousness

21. Carbon Monoxide If symptoms present: Turn off heater, any other opening to the engine compartment Open fresh air source immediately Don�t smoke Use 100% oxygen if you have it Land ASAP and get medical help Fix the contamination source before further flight Is there a CO detector in YOUR aircraft???

22. Prescription Drugs Forgotten threat Reduce/impair judgment, affect reflexes and hand/eye coordination Can interact adversely with over-the-counter medications Over-the-counter not benign for pilots either Check with doctor before mixing prescription and OTC, whether flying or not

23. Prescription Drugs Common prescriptions are Tylenol 3 (contains codeine), Motrin (ibuprofen), Vicodin, Prilosec (omeprazole), various antibiotics and bloodthinners Antidepressant use also widespread, e.g. Wellbutrin, Paxil, Zoloft Don�t forget after effects of medical/dental treatments � nitrous oxide, novocaine

24. Prescription Drugs Common OTC includes analgesics such as Tylenol, aspirin, Advil Guaifensin (Robitussin), Benadryl, Sudafed Key is to know how your prescription and OTC medications affect YOU Each person is different

25. Prescription Drugs Fly or no fly???? Ask yourself: How do I feel? Alert? Well-rested? Reasonable energy level? Relatively strong and confident? OR NOT? Would I be flying as a hazard to myself or others?

26. Taxiing Safety Approximately 60% of runway incursions due to pilot error Of those errors, general aviation involved in more than 70% CAP taxi stats: 1998: 1 accident, 4 incidents 1999: 3 incidents 2000: 2 incidents 2001: 7 incidents 2002: 1 accident, 12 incidents 5 YEAR COST: $130,225

27. Taxiing Safety FY 05, poor landings and taxiing into obstructions main cases of CAP aircraft accidents Taxi incidents cost us big money! Biggest reason for incidents is PILOT ERROR

28. Taxiing Safety A major cause of pilot error is lack of communication with ATC Other major cause is inattention Others: ground traffic, ground/approach operations, not knowing airport Most damage is to wingtips

29. Taxiing Safety Ways to enhance taxiing safety Do your research! Know the airports you�re operating at. Check radio to make sure it works right Read back �hold short� instructions Ask for repeat if not sure of something �Keep your head on a swivel�; be alert to everything ELSE around you

30. Taxiing Safety References: FAA Advisory Circular 91-73, Part 91 Pilot and Flight Crew Procedures during Taxi Operations and Part 135 Single-Pilot Operations A Pilot�s Guide to Safe Surface Operations Airfield Surface Safety CD Obtainable from www.faa.gov/runwaysafety

31. Cell Phone Usage Ubiquitous tool of modern society New law in California, Jan 1, 2008: No hand held cell phones while driving Why the law? DRIVER DISTRACTION!

32. Cell Phone Usage Driver reaction times slow and judgment is impaired when talking and driving Consumer Reports: doesn�t matter whether phone is hands-free or not 36 states considering bans on handheld cell phones + driving (CA isn�t alone)

33. Cell Phone Usage Can you really split your attention between driving and talking on the phone? Studies indicate risk of collision 3 to 6 � times higher if talking on a phone Risk similar to driving while impaired by alcohol or drugs

34. Cell Phone Usage Major study at University of Utah, June 06 �Just as you put yourself and other people at risk when you drive drunk, you put the same at risk when you use a cell phone and drive� �Safest not to use a cell phone while driving�

35. Cell Phone Usage Oregon State University study: Dec 05 �There is a cost for switching from one task to another and that cost can be in response time or in accuracy� �We may be undermining our ability to drive safely�

36. Cell Phone Usage Virginia Tech and NHTSA study in April 06 Almost 80% of crashes and 65% near-crashes had driver inattention within 3 seconds of event Most common distraction: cell phones Second most: drowsiness Hands-free redialed 40% of time, hand-held redialed 18% Hands-free provides false sense of security

37. Aging and Driving Safety

38. Aging and Driving Safety As we age, reflexes and mental processes slow down Examples: Charles Weller, Santa Monica (87); Dorothy Meyer, Palmdale (90) By the way, aging issues apply to flying also

39. Aging and Driving Safety Mobility is a HUGE issue for seniors! But when to stop driving? When judgment and capacity is adversely impacted, safety is big issue Driver and public safety at risk

40. Aging and Driving Safety DMV can restrict or revoke license So can peace officer Usually after an incident � e.g., collision Priority re-exam for license

41. Aging and Driving Safety 9 times out of 10, driver decides or family persuades to stop driving Physical and/or mental limitations Disorientation Driving knowledge erodes

42. Aging and Driving Safety Bottom line, up to EACH OF US to police ourselves Pay attention to your changes as you age Stop driving (and flying) when gut tells you its time

43. BAD Weather!

44. BAD Weather! Obviously, rain provides dangerous conditions But so does other weather For example, TULE FOG!!!!

45. BAD Weather! Driving in fog like driving with blindfold on Statistically most dangerous driving there is Safest thing is to stop until fog lifts Use defroster and wipers, don�t slam on brakes in thick fog

46. BAD Weather! If you must drive in fog, SLOW DOWN!!!!! Turn on headlights Pay attention to distance between you and other car Turn on fog lights if you have them Don�t stop in the middle of road (you will be rear-ended) Use solid white line on right, not center line for path guide

47. BAD Weather! RAIN means tire hydroplaning on water and/or vehicle fluids First rain of season most dangerous (fluids rise to surface of roadway) Need good tires and wipers!

48. BAD Weather! Again, SLOW DOWN and allow more distance between you and the other guy Snow: same as rain, but beware of black ice. Don�t slam on brakes! Lose traction: let up on gas until it returns. Crack window for visibility Take survival gear with you!

49. You Are What You Eat�

50. You Are What You Eat� Are you tired and listless? Do you sometimes run out of gas? Do you poop out at parties? Is that what�s bothering you, Bunky? You MIGHT need some�

51. You Are What You Eat� VITAMEATAVEGAMIN!

52. You Are What You Eat� Consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods among the basic food groups Choose foods that limit the intake of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, added sugars, salt, and alcohol These burgers = bad!

53. You Are What You Eat� Adults: calcium, potassium, fiber, magnesium, and vitamins A (as carotenoids, e.g. beta carotene), C, and E Children and adolescents: calcium, potassium, fiber, magnesium, and vitamin E

54. You Are What You Eat� People over age 50 also need vitamin B12 in its crystalline form (i.e., fortified foods or supplements) Nutrients consumed should come primarily from foods, not tablets or capsules

55. You Are What You Eat� Should be eating more dark green vegetables, orange vegetables, legumes, fruits, whole grains, and low-fat milk and milk products. Nutrient-dense foods provide substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals, relatively few calories.

56. You Are What You Eat� How much fruit and vegetables should YOU be eating? 16 year old male, 30-60 mins activity per day = 2 � cups fruit, 3 � cups veggies 47 year old female, less than 30 mins per day = 1 � cups fruit, 2 � cups veggies 60 year old male, less than 30 mins per day = 2 cups fruit, 3 cups veggies (For YOUR situation, see www.5aday.gov)

57. You Are What You Eat� Excess weight increases risk of heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, pulmonary disease, diabetes Overweight at middle age = increased risk of premature death per major study by National Cancer Institute

58. You Are What You Eat� E. Coli outbreak in fresh spinach Traced back to Natural Selection Foods, San Juan Bautista Brand names: Natural Selection, Pride of San Juan, Earthbound Farm, Bellissima, Dole, Rave Spinach, Emeril, Sysco, O Organic, Fresh Point, River Ranch, Superior, Nature�s Basket, Compliments, Trader Joe�s, Ready Pac, Jansal Valley, Cheney Brothers, D�Arrigo Brothers, Green Harvest, Mann, Mills Family Farm, Premium Fresh, Pro-Mark, Snoboy, The Farmer�s Market, Tanimura & Antle, President�s Choice, Cross Valley, and Riverside Farms

59. You Are What You Eat� As of Sept. 30, 2006, 187 cases reported 97 hospitalizations 29 cases of kidney failure 1 fatality The outbreak only affects spinach Washing does not remove the E. coli Cooking spinach at 160 degrees for 15 seconds will kill any E. coli present

60. You Are What You Eat� Can also contract E. coli from undercooked ground beef (most common) Symptoms appear after 2-8 days of exposure: Acute, severe diarrhea Stomach cramping, gas Abdominal pain, fever Loss of appetite Vomiting is rare

61. You Are What You Eat� Bottom Line: Watch the fat Watch the salt Watch the alcohol Eat plenty of fresh fruit and veggies Forget fresh spinach for a while Balance your diet�balance your life!

62. Can You Hear Me Now? Hearing loss becoming widespread, especially among young people Most common is noise-induced Caused by one-time exposure to super loud or medium loud over extended time Damages sensitive hair cells of inner ear

63. Can You Hear Me Now? Less than 80 decibels okay for long-term Refrigerator hum = 40 decibels Conversation = 60 decibels Heavy city traffic = 85 decibels Motorcycles, firecrackers, guns = 120 � 150 decibels

64. Can You Hear Me Now? Military having hearing problems � guns, helicopters, demolition Almost 80,000 personnel have pensions for deafness Every Marine now gets issued Combat Arms Earplugs

65. Can You Hear Me Now? Another cause of hearing loss: loud music Rock and Roll Hard of Hearing Hall of Fame: Pete Townshend, Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Phil Collins, Bono, et cetera (www.hardofhearinghalloffame.com) Concert sound levels: 120-140 decibels

66. Can You Hear Me Now? Not just concerts, but iPods, MP3 players 12% of children and teens have noise-induced hearing loss Over half the high schoolers surveyed in poll report at least one hearing loss symptom

67. Can You Hear Me Now? iPods can get to 115 decibels, some MP3s go to 120+ decibels Some audiologists say earbuds are threat to long-term hearing Headphones and earbuds don�t block out external noise, so turn the iPods UP

68. Can You Hear Me Now? To help protect hearing: Turn down the volume! Use good quality noise-blocking or canceling headphones (much better than earbuds)! Use earplugs at concerts RaceQuiet Earphones combine foam earplugs and earbuds, good for mobile Remember � once your hearing is gone, IT�S GONE!

69. Bits and Pieces Help your people (and YOU) stay healthy: Hydrate! Encourage folks to get lots of rest; rested = alert Eat right: cut back on fat, caffeine, and sugar

70. Bits and Pieces Get organized to help alleviate stress Wear appropriate gear for activity (e.g., break in new shoes in advance to decrease blisters) If taking medication, be sure to take as directed by physician

71. Bits and Pieces Remember to take time for your families and for yourself (don�t let CAP take over your life) Find out who your medically trained people are and what their skill set is Does your unit and your household have a first aid kit readily available?

72. Bits and Pieces Be alert � pay attention to what is going on around you! Inattention causes injury (people and equipment) Take charge! Be a leader! Instill that SAFETY FIRST mindset in your people, starting with YOURSELF!

73. Remember� When you look in the mirror, you see the person most responsible for your safety!